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1、【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】2018年考研英语(一)真题（word版）2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Trustisatrickybusiness.Ontheonehand,itsanecessarycondition1manyworthwhilethings:childcare,friendships,et
2、c.Ontheotherhand,puttingyour2,inthewrongplaceoftencarriesahigh3.4,whydowetrustatall?Well,becauseitfeelsgood.5peopleplacetheirtrustinanindividualoraninstitution,theirbrainsreleaseoGytocin,ahormonethat6pleasurablefeelingsandtriggerstheherdinginstructthatpromptshumansto7withoneanother.Scientistshavefou
3、ndthateGposure8thishormoneputsusinatrusting9:InaSwissstudy,researcherssprayedoGytocinintothenosesofhalfthesubjects;thosesubjectswerereadytolendsignificantlyhigheramountsofmoneytostrangersthanweretheir10whoinhaledsomethingelse.11forus,wealsohaveasiGthsensefordishonestythatmay12us.ACanadianstudyfoundt
4、hatchildrenasyoungas14monthscandifferentiate13acrediblepersonandadishonestone.SiGtytoddlerswereeach14toanadulttesterholdingaplasticcontainer.Thetesterwouldask,“Whatsinhere?”beforelookingintothecontainer,smiling,andeGclaiming,“Wow!”Eachsubjectwastheninvitedtolook15.Halfofthemfoundatoy;theotherhalf16t
5、hecontainerwasempty-andrealizedthetesterhad17them.Amongthechildrenwhohadnotbeentricked,themajoritywere18tocooperatewiththetesterinlearninganewskill,demonstratingthattheytrustedhisleadership.19,onlyfiveofthe30childrenpairedwiththe“20”testerparticipatedinafollow-upactivity.1.AonBlikeCforDfrom2.AfaithB
6、concernCattentionDinterest3.AbenefitBdebtChopeDprice4.AThereforeBThenCInsteadDAgain5.AUntilBUnlessCAlthoughDWhen6.AselectsBproducesCappliesDmaintains7.AconsultBcompeteCconnectDcompare8.AatBbyCofDto9.AconteGtBmoodCperiodDcircle10.AcounterpartsBsubstitutesCcolleaguesDsupporters11.AFunnyBLuckyCOddDIron
7、ic12.AmonitorBprotectCsurpriseDdelight13.AbetweenBwithinCtowardDover14.AtransferredBaddedCintroducedDentrusted15.AoutBbackCaroundDinside16.AdiscoveredBprovedCinsistedD.remembered17.AbetrayedBwrongedCfooledDmocked18.AforcedBwillingChesitantDentitled19.AIncontrastBAsaresultCOnthewholeDForinstance20.Ai
8、nfleGibleBincapableCunreliableDunsuitableSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachteGtbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)TeGt1AmongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedintheneGtpr
9、esidentialcampaign:Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?Dontdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOGfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredontappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-clas
10、soccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineeringhavearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.Thisisnttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidntgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechani
11、zedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonand
12、AndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculumsfromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcompleGcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongside
13、robots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.ItcouldmakeeGtratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:Startingnewcompaniesmustbema
14、deeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaventbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalinc
15、omeandlaborincome,taGesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.TaGesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaGcreditshouldbeeGpanded:Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.TechnologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmallovertheneGtfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadapt
