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1、2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But1some claims to the con
2、trary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does2short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,3heart rate and oxygen consumption.But because hard laughter is difficult to4,a good laugh is unlikely to have5benefits the way, say, walking or jogg
3、ing does.6, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the7. Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter8muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help9the effe
4、cts of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce othertypes of10feedback that improve an individuals emotional state.11one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted12physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19thcentury that humans do not
5、cry13they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also14tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow15muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wrzburg in Germany asked volunteers to16a pen
6、either with their teeth thereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips, which would produce a(n)17expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles18more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,19that expressions may influence emoti
7、ons rather than just the other way around.20, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1.Aamong B except C despite D like2.Areflect B demand C indicate Dproduce3.Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing D determining4.Atransmit B sustain C evaluate D observe5.AmeasurableB manageable C affordable D r
8、enewable6.AIn turn B In fact C In addition D In brief7.Aopposite B impossible C average D expected8.Ahardens B weakens C tightens Drelaxes9.Aaggravate B generate Cmoderate Denhance10.Aphysical Bmental C subconscious Dinternal11.AExcept for BAccordingto C Dueto DAs for12.Awith B on Cin Dat13.Aunless
9、B until C if Dbecause14.Aexhausts B follows Cprecedes Dsuppresses15.Ainto Bfrom C towards D beyond16.Afetch B bite C pick Dhold17.Adisappointed Bexcited C joyful D indifferent18.Aadapted B catered C turned D reacted19.Asuggesting B requiring C mentioningD supposing20.A Eventually B Consequently C Si
10、milarly D ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire AlanGilbert as its next music dir
11、ector has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appoin
12、tment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in theTimes, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orches
13、tra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least someTimesreaders as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesti
14、ng compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded perform
