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1、交通工程专业英语,Chapter 6 Traffic Planning,Chapter 6 Traffic Planning,The urban transportation system is a basic component of an urban areas social, economic, and physical structure. Not only does the design and performance of a transportation system provide opportunities for mobility, but over the long te
2、rm, it influences patterns of growth and the level of economic activity through the accessibility it provides to land. Transportation planning recognizes the critical links between transportation and other societal goals, and plays a fundamental role in the state, region or community vision for its
3、future.,6.1 Fundamentals of Transportation Planning 6.1.1 Definition of Transportation Planning A lot of work has been done about the subject of planning and the role of the professional planner in various societal functions. We have heard of urban, economic, financial, corporate, industrial, water
4、resource, environmental, and many other kinds of planning. In the field of transportation, professional designations such as highway planner, air port planner, and urban transportation planner, are common. Planning is considered to be an important function in modern society and it is concentrated in
5、 particular areas, subjects, or systems.,The conception of transportation planning has been given by many researchers. In generally, transportation planning can be seen as an act of laying out a transportation system aiming to predict the needs and demands for a particular service. Or it can be defi
6、ned as the process of making decisions related to the future of the transportation system. Or it can be defined as a process whose objective, in a broad sense is to develop a system of transport which will enable people and goods to travel safely and economically.,6.1.2 Goal of Transportation Planni
7、ng Transportation planning focuses on issues such as the future demand for transportation; interaction among different transportation systems and facilities; the relationships among land use, economic activity, and transportation; alternative ways of operating transportation systems; the social, eco
8、nomic, and environmental impacts of proposed transportation systems; and the financial and institutional arrangements needed to implement transportation proposals. Discussions of transportation planning may focus on either the various methodologies involved or on the institutional aspects of the pla
9、nning process.,Transportation planning should strive to the following criteria listed below. Serving for more people or goods Faster Safe Cheap Minimizing pollution Promoting better land development,A planning activity occurs during one time period but is concerns with actions to be taken at various
10、 times in the future. However, although planning may increase the likelihood that a recommended action will in fact take place, it does not guarantee that the planned action will inevitably be implemented exactly as conceived and on schedule. As a matter of practicality, planning is not a search for
11、 ultimate answers but only a means to specific ends that on the proposition that better conditions would result from premeditative as opposed to impulsive actions.,6.1.3 Types of Transportation Planning Transportation planning is concerned with two separate time horizons. The first is a short-term e
12、mphasis intended to select projects that can be implemented within a one-to-three-year period. These projects are designed to provide better management of existing facilities by making them as efficient as possible. The second time horizon deals with the long-rang transportation needs of an area and
13、 identifies the projects to be constructed over a 20-year period. Short-term projects involve programs such as traffic signal timing to improve flow, car and van pooling to reduce congestion, park-and-ride fringe parking lots to increase transit rider ship, and transit improvements.,Long-term projec
14、ts involve programs such as adding new highway elements, additional bus lines or freeway lanes, rapid transit systems and extensions, or access roads to airports or shopping malls. Transportation planning may take place at any geographical level. In some countries, e.g., the United States, the prima
15、ry focal point for transportation planning is the metropolitan region, where it is carried out by Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO), and is intended to coordinate the activities of local governments, state departments of transportation, and transit operators. In addition, the Intermodal Trans
16、portation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) required statewide transportation planning and this requirement continues under subsequent legislation. Also, intercity corridors have sometimes been the focus of planning activity in which alternative ways of providing passenger or freight service between specific pairs cities are considered.,Transportation planning may involve any transportation mode or combination of modes. Different modes tend to be important at different geographical levels. At the level o
