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1、Contents,Text A Halloween,Learning Instructions,Festivals are a very important cultural phenomenon. Different nations have different festivals and they are observed in different ways. In this article the author intends to give us readers a clear picture of a special western festival Halloween: its o
2、rigin, activities for celebration and an old Irish story of jack-o-lanterns. As students, you need to pay special attention to the specific terms concerning Halloween customs and proper names in western culture, for example: All Hallows Eve, All Saints Day, trick or treating, Celts, Roman Catholic C
3、hurch, etc.,Text A Halloween,Warm-up Activities,1. Group work: Work in small groups and discuss the following questions: How many western festivals do you know? Please introduce the one you like best. What can you imagine from the following pictures? 2. Listen to the recording and then answer the fo
4、llowing questions: What games do people usually play at Halloween parties? Why could not Jack go to heaven, or to hell?,Text A Halloween,Halloween is a festival that takes place every year on October 31. It is a time when children and adults dress up in costumes, go trick or treating and make jack-o
5、-lanterns from empty pumpkins. Halloween goes back to the customs and traditions of the Celts, who lived between Ireland and Northern France about 2000 years ago. They were pagans who did not believe in god. They thought that witches, demons and the spirits of dead people wandered around the world o
6、n the evening before November 1. They lit bonfires to scare them away and they tried to confuse these demons by wearing the same clothes that they did. They also offered them something to eat. In ancient Rome, the festival of Pomona was held in honour of the Roman goddess of fruits and gardens. At a
7、bout 800 A.D., the Roman Catholic Church introduced a new holiday which they called All Saints Day. It was celebrated on November 1 and the evening before became known as All Hallows Eve. Hallow was the old word for “holy”. Later on, All Hallows Eve was shortened to Halloween. 200 years later, All S
8、ouls Day became a church holiday. It was a day on which people prayed for all their dead relatives, friends and the people that they had known.,Notes to the Text,An annual holiday celebrated on October 31, the eve of All Saints Day, which commonly includes activities such as trick-or-treating, weari
9、ng costumes and attending costume parties, carving jack-o-lanterns, having bonfires, bobbing for apples, visiting haunted attractions, playing pranks, telling scary stories, and watching horror films.,Notes to the Text,Often shortened to All Saints, a Christian festival in honor of all the saints, h
10、eld (in the western churches) on November 1.,Notes to the Text,A festival in some Christian churches with prayers for the souls of the dead, celebrated on November 2.,Notes to the Text,In English language, sometimes a preposition should be put before the relative pronoun. In these relative clauses,
11、you have to use which for things and whom for people. More examples: You had better read the novel on which the film is based. Lucy, from whom I took violin lessons half a year ago, has set up her own school.,Text A Halloween,Today Halloween is celebrated mainly by children who dress up as ghosts, w
12、itches and other evil spirits. When they go “trick-or-treat” from house to house, they ask for sweets (a treat) or else they threaten to play tricks on the people who dont give them anything. Some children and adults go to Halloween parties where they have fun and play games like bobbing for apples
13、in a tub of water. In 1950, a school class in a small American neighborhood started collecting money instead of asking for treats. They gave it to the United Nations Childrens Fund and ever since thousands of children have gone “trick-or-treat” for this cause. In many European countries, people visi
14、t the graves of their relatives on All Saints or All Souls Day. At first, Halloween was not celebrated in Europe as it was in America, but during the past few decades, Halloween parties have become more and more popular in Europe too. The jack-o-lantern is closely connected with Halloween. It is a p
15、umpkin that you empty and carve a face into. Most of them have a candle or some other lights in them. According to an old Irish story, jack-o-lanterns were named after a man called Jack. He could not go to heaven because he was an evil person and was often in a bad mood. However, he couldnt go to he
16、ll either because he had tricked the devil many times. So Jack had to stay on Earth forever and wander around with his lantern.,Notes to the Text,“where”, here it is used to modify words indicating a place in a relative clause. It can also be used after words referring to a situation. For example: Thats where you are wrong. Sometime people may find themselves in a situation where they do not know where to go next.,Vocabulary,New words,festival n. (day or time of )
