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1、,全部否定和部分否定,Unit 9 否定 (Negation),英语中的否定句，就其否定的范围来说，可分为全部否定(Total Negation)和部分否 定(Partial Negation)。 1) 全部否定采用的形式 要表达全部否定意义时，英语须用全否定词语，表示“绝无”之意，如:none, no, nei- ther, nobody, nothing, never, nowhere, not. any, not. either, neither. nor 等。 None of us were / was present when the accident took place. 事故发
2、生时我们中没有一个人在场。 No pain, no gain. 不劳则无获。 Neither of the films is interesting. 这两部电影都没趣。 Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 Nobody else but Tom has come. 除了汤姆以外，谁也没有来。 She has never been to Beijing in the past. 她过去从未去过北京。 The football was nowhere to be found
3、. 那个足球哪里也找不到了。,2) 部分否定采用的形式 (1) 使用含有“部分”意义的代词和副词，如:some, somebody, something, somewhere等加上否定词语。 Some workers arent experienced, so they need to be trained. 有些工人没有经验，需要培训。 (2) 英语中的概括词all, every, both 以及与every 构成的合成词，用于否定句 式时，只表示部分否定，常译成 “并非都”。 all. not = not all 并非所有的都 every. not = not every 并非每都 bot
4、h. not = not both 并非两都 All is not gold that glitters. 发光的并不都是金子。 Not every child wants to become a movie star. 并非每个孩子都想成为电影明星。 I dont know both of the brothers. 那两兄弟我并非都认识。 (3) 使用always, much, many, often, everywhere, wholly, completely, entirely, altogether + not 结构也能产生部分否定。 The little boy doesnt a
5、lways behave well. 这小男孩并不总是表现得很好。 We havent earned much money yet. 我们还没有赚到很多钱。,英语中的双重否定是指一句话里有两个否定词或否定意义的词语，皆否定之否定。双重否定句表示的意思是肯定的，通常比肯定句的语气要重。翻译时可以译成肯定形式，也可保持双重否定的形式。 Nobody did nothing. 没有人什么事都不做。(=每个人都做事。) You can not make egg rolls without breaking eggs. 不打破鸡蛋就做不成蛋卷。(有失才有得。) There is no success w
6、ithout hardship. 没有磨难就没有胜利。 No smoking is harmless. 吸烟有害健康。 It is not impossible to master a language within a short time. 在短时间内掌握一门语言不是不可能的。 He is a person of no little importance. 他是个相当重要的人物。,双重否定，意义肯定,There are not many people who can speak English fluently. 能说一口流利英语的人并不多。 He was not completely t
7、ired. 他并不感到十分疲劳。 Such a beautiful girl is not found everywhere. 这样漂亮的女孩并非到处都有。,形式否定，意义肯定,1) cant. too:越越，非常，无论怎样也不过分。在此结构中，can not 也可以改成can hardly, can scarcely, can never;too也可改成over, enough等 One can never be careful enough. 你越小心越好。 You cant be too cautious. 你越谨慎越好。 We can hardly praise him too muc
8、h. 我们无论怎样赞扬他都不过分。 A man can never have too many friends. 朋友越多越好。 2) nothing but与 none but:仅仅，只，只有才 We can see nothing but water. 我们只能看见水。 None but a fool would do such a thing. 只有傻瓜才愿做这事。 3) none other than: 正是 The letter was written by none other than my father. 写这信的人不是别人，正是我父亲。 4) more often than
9、not: 往往，常常 During foggy weather, the trains are late more often than not. 在有雾的天气里，火车常常晚点。 5) 否定词+比较级 I couldnt feel happier. 我感到高兴极了。 Nothing is more valuable than good health. 再也没有什么比健康更珍贵了。,Practice1,1) There is _ to sit in the crowded room. A. somewhere B. nowhere C. anywhere D. everywhere 2) _ s
10、entence is correct. A. Both B. None C. Neither D. All 3) Such a thing is not found _. A. everywhere B. everything C. somewhere D. something 4) We can see that failure is not _ an evil. A. much B. always C. many D. some 5) “No one ever listens to a word I say.” means “_.” A. I never worry about what
11、to say B. I havent spoken to anyone yet C. People dont listen when I speak D. His last words were hard to hear,B,C,A,B,C,6) “All of you can not do it.” means “_.” A. No one can do it B. Not all you can do it C. Someone can do it D. Some of you can not do it 7) No cigarette is completely _. A. harmle
12、ss B. harmful C. healthy D. useful 8) We were _ tired and fell asleep as soon as we went to bed. A. not a bit B. not in the least C. not at all D. not a little 9) There is no one who lives in this district who _ know him. A. dont B. would C. doesnt D. does 10)I can not thank you _ for your kind help
13、. A. too B. enough C. too many D. very much,D,A,B,D,C,Practice 2,1) All of my friends dont smoke. 2) None of the telephones work properly. 3) Neither of the answers is right. 4) Both the books are not published in English. 5) I would be the last to tell you a lie. 6) The boy is more frightened than hurt. 7) Most of the students will be able to pass the exam. 8) The story is far from true. 9) The bridge is anything but safe. 10)It is never too old to learn.,我的朋友并不都抽烟。,没有一台电话好使。,这两个答案都不对。,并非两本书都是用英语出版的。,我是最不会对你说谎的人。,与其说这孩子受了伤，不如说他是受了惊吓。,大多数同学会通过考试。,这个故事远非真实。,这桥根本不安全。,活到老学到老。,
