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1、实用阶梯英语,阅读教程（旅游篇I）,Unit 8 Religions in China,Section A,Intensive Reading,Major Religions in China Buddhism Buddhism was introduced to China around the first century A.D. Since the fourth century A.D, it was widely spread and gradually became the most influential religion in China. Buddhism in China i
2、s divided into three branches according to varied language families, namely, Chinese Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhism and Pali Buddhism and there are about 200 thousand Buddhist monks and nuns under these three branches. At present, there are more than 13 thousand Buddhist temples that are open to the pub
3、lic, 33 Buddhist colleges and nearly 50 types of Buddhist publications in China.,Section A,As one branch of Buddhism in China, Tibetan Buddhism is mainly spread in Chinas Tibet Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province with some 7 million believers from Tibetan, Mongol
4、ian, Yugu, Monba, Luoba and Tu nationalities. Pali Buddhism is popular in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture and Simao region in southwestern Chinas Yunnan Province with over one million believers from Dai, Bulang, Achang and Va nationalities. The be
5、lievers of Chinese Buddhism are mainly Han people, who live all over China. Buddhism is said to be founded by Sakyamuni who has the Four Noble Truths: sorrow is the universal experience of mankind; cause of sorrow is desire; the removal of sorrow can only come from the removal of desire, desire can
6、be abandoned by the Noble Eight-fold Path.,Section A,Taoism Taoism is a typically traditional religion in China with a history of more than 18 hundred years since the second century A.D. It advocates the worship of natural objects and ancestors as was practiced since time immemorial and had various
7、factions in the history; later, it evolved into two major factions, namely, Quanzhen and Zhengyi Taoism, and was fairly influential among Han people. “Tao” means the origin of the universe and it belives that man can acquire it by cultivating himself . Dodejing is the belivers canon. It is difficult
8、 to calculate the exact number of Taoist believers because there are no formal ceremonies or specific regulations concerning the admission to Taoism. At present, there are more than 15 hundred Taoist temples in China with over 25 hundred male and female Taoists there.,Section A,Islam Islam was intro
9、duced to China in the seventh century A.D with nearly 18 million believers from Hui, Uygur, Tartar, Kirgiz, Kazakh, Ozbek, Dongxiang, Sala and Baoan nationalities. Most of the Muslims in China live in compact communities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Gansu, Qing
10、hai and Yunnan Provinces; besides, some Muslims in small groups live in other provinces or cities in China. At present, there are more than 30 thousand mosques in China with over 40 thousand imams or ahungs. Islam holds the truth that Allah revealed through all His Prophets to every people. Its beli
11、evers-Muslims follow a religion of peace, mercy, and forgiveness, and the majority have nothing to do with the extremely grave events, which have come to he associated with their faith through a biased media.,Section A,Catholicism Catholicism was first introduced to China in the seventh century and
12、widely spread across the country after the Opium War in 1840. At present, Chinese Catholic Church boasts one hundred parishes, some five million believers, nearly five thousand cathedrals and places for religious activities and twelve theological seminaries. Over the past two decades, the Catholic C
13、hurch in China have cultivated more than 15 hundred young bishops who are able to hold consecration and among them over one hundred have been sent abroad for further study. In addition, three thousands young girls have been crowned the nunhood after their admission and two hundred nuns have decided
14、to dedicate all their lives to the church. Every year, more than 50 thousand clerics from the Chinese Catholic Church preside over baptism and the church prints over three million copies of Bible.,Section A,buddhism n. 佛教 monk n. 僧侶 nun n. 尼姑 publication n. 出版物 autonomous adj. 自治的 prefecture n. 辖区 c
15、anon n. 真经 immemorial adj. 远古的 evolve vi. 演变 compact adj. 密集的，紧凑的 imam n. 伊玛目（伊斯兰寺内率领教徒做礼拜的人） ahung n. 阿訇 （对伊斯兰教宗教职业者的尊称） parish n. 教区 cathedral n. 大教堂 seminary n. 神学院 （学生） bishop n. （基督教派）大主教 consecration n. 献祭仪式 cleric n. 牧师 preside vi. 主持（仪式等） baptism n. （基督教的）洗礼,New Words,Section A,Proper Names &Expressions Pali Buddhism 巴利佛教 Chinas Tibet Autonomous Region 中国西藏自治区 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 内蒙古自治区 Yugu 裕固 Monba 门巴族 Luoba 珞巴族 Tu nationalities 土族 Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture
