美国Next-Generation-Science-Standards-科学教学大纲-Grades-k-2年级

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1、1. Life l AnimalsThe unit Animals helps students discover what makes animals similar and what makes them different. Understanding the diversity among animals helps students appreciate and enjoy the uniqueness of all creatures. Topics include habitat, diet, body parts, movement, special abilities, an

2、d more.Students need to think about how they treat animals and how are they fit into the animal kingdom.l Living/Non-LivingThis unit helps students explore the important differences between the two. It also addresses topics such as: Non-living components of living things, nurse logs, sea stars, babi

3、es and parents, and cells.l PlantsThis unit helps students explore what plants require for survival, how plants grow, plant parts and their functions, how people and other animals use plants, special types of plants, where different kinds of plants can be found, and other plant-related topics. Stude

4、nts may gain an appreciation for the amazing diversity of plant life on Earth and the extensive roles that plants play in their lives.l Senses This unit helps students explore how and why humans use their five senses. It addresses the body parts used for each sense, as well as how these senses commu

5、nicate with the brain to make meaning of the incoming information. The unit also addresses how each sense keeps us safe. It is important for students to appreciate and protect their senses so they can learn from the world around them and have a lifetime full of rich experiences.2. Earth & Spacel Ear

6、th, Moon, and SunThis unit helps students understand that Earth rotates on its axis, Earth revolves around the Sun, and the Moon revolves around Earth.Humans have an ever-growing understanding of how the Earth, Moon, and Sun move and interact. This understanding helps students make sense of what the

7、y see in the sky, both by day and by night.An understanding of our nearby space neighborhood can also inspire future exploration deeper into space, which may someday even include the discovery of life on distant planets.l WeatherThis unit helps students explore weathers many different aspects, inclu

8、ding temperature, wind, clouds, precipitation, and storms. Certain unit materials address what causes the weather to occur. The unit also draws connections between the seasons and their weather patterns.This unit provides opportunities for students to learn more about natural weather phenomena they

9、observe in their everyday lives. Understanding the weather can also prepare us to take precautions that will keep us safe in the event of severe weather.l Earths surface This unit helps students explore the land and water that make up Earths surface. Earths surface is shaped into various landforms b

10、y gravity, wind, water, and the movements of Earths crust. Earths surface provides everything needed for life to thrive, including shelter, food, and water. Understanding Earths surface will help students appreciate the uniqueness of our planet and may encourage them to take action to protect it.3.

11、Physicall Doing work This unit helps students explore the concepts of work and force. Students will learn that the amount of work required to perform a task depends on the amount of force needed to move it, as well as the distance an object will be moved.l Energy This unit helps students understand

12、what energy is. Unit materials focus primarily on five important types of energy: light, sound, motion, heat, and electrical. Each energy type is defined and supported with everyday examples. Its important to understand where energy comes from, how it behaves, and why it is valuable to us. By becomi

13、ng familiar with different types of energy, students can better appreciate having the energy sources they rely upon in daily lives.l Light This unit helps students explore the properties of light: where it comes from, how it moves, and how it interacts with objects.Understanding the physical propert

14、ies of light helps us anticipate how light will behave as we use it and interact with it. Light also adds to the beauty and complexity of the world around us.l PropertiesThis unit explains how shape, color, texture, weight, state of matter, and other properties can be used to identify, describe, and

15、 compare matter. The unit also explains that we choose to make things out of materials that have the properties we need or want.Identifying properties of objects helps us make decisions and communicate with precision. Practicing careful observation will prepare students to become successful scientis

16、ts and citizens. It may also allow them to appreciate the special qualities of the things around them that they might normally take for granted.l Magnets In this unit, students will learn that magnets behave in predictable ways, making them reliable and valuable tools.l Things move This unit explains these forces, and it describes t

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