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1、动词不定式,不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。,不定式,结构 : to do (否定) not/never to do,二. 时态与语态,不定式,to do,to be done,to be doing,to have done,to have been done,to have been doing,-,-,(1).They pretended not to see us.,(2). He pretended
2、 to be sleeping.,(3).She pretended to have known it before.,(一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/发生在它之后.),(在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行),(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前),(4).Were happy to have been working with you.,(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的 动作一直在进行而且可能继续下去),作主语 作宾语 作表语 作定语 作宾语补足语 作状语 独立结构 与疑问词连用,动词不定式 的功能,三. 用法/ 功能,To see is to believe. Its im
3、portant to learn English well .,(1). 主语,单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数 若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式置后.,My job to help the patient. Your task to clean the classroom.,is,is,(2). 表语,注：不定式结构的逻辑主语通常可在特定的上下文或情景中看出，也可以由“ for + 名词词组” 来表示，如： It is not hard for one to do a bit of good. It was difficult for me to do the work.,注：某
4、些形容词在上述结构中作表语时，常在不定式之前加上 “of + 名词词组” 来说明不定式所指的是谁的情况，如： Its kind of you to think so much of us. Its very nice of you to be so considerate. Its unwise of them to turn down the proposal. It was careless of her to make such a mistake.,I want to go home. The workers demanded to get better pay. I found it
5、 necessary to talk to him again.,(3) 宾语,think/ consider/ find/ make/ feel it + adj.+ to do,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有： hope, refuse, learn, set out choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan, etc (参见导学案),ask, advice, allow, encourage, expect, forbid, force, help, permit, persuade, tell, warn, want, wish, woul
6、d like, 等,(4). 宾补,The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.,五看,watch,see,look at,observe,notice,三使,let,make,have,二听,listen to,hear,一感觉:,feel,感官动词和使役动词作宾补要省略to,e.g. I made him do his work.,He was made to do his work (by me).,注意,1 help 后面的“to”可省去,e.g. They often h
7、elp the grandma (to) carry water.,2 see, hear, watch, feel, notice, look at等表示 感觉和let, make, have等表示使役的动词后 面，不定式作宾语时要省“to” （注：被动 语态不省to）,3 不定式用在介词but, except, besides 后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的 各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to, 相反则带to.(有do省to,无do带to),(1). She could do nothing but cry. (2). I have no choice but to go. (3)
8、.What do you like to do besides sleep.,I have something to say. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about.,(5). 定语,(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词, 则不定式中要有介词.),请给我一支写字的笔.,Please give me a pen to write with.,不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。,1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的
9、词之间有三种关系：,(1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。 (2)主谓关系 He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。 (3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to college. 我们都有上大学的机会。,2. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。,3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。,e.g. He is looking for a room t
10、o live in. 他在找一个房间住。,e.g. He had no money and no place to live. 他没钱没地方住。,4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。,e.g. Do you have anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗?,I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train.,(6) 状语（表示目的或结果）,in order to , so as to , enough to , only t
11、o , too.to.,在一些短语中也有体现,(7).独立结构,to be frank, to be honest,To tell the truth, I dont agree with you.,类似的结构,(8)不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。,He didnt know what to say.他不知道说什么。(宾语) How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。(主语) My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语),注意：,在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。 Why not have a rest?,注意：,(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.,eg: -Would you like to go with me ?,-Id like to.,(2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.,eg: -Would you like to be a teacher?,-Id like to be.,
