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1、videoconference, Secretary of the provincial Committee of Xia Baolong stressed: this year is the five water treatment 357 timetables for three years to resolve outstanding issues, obviously worked, victory of the year. The Countys departments at all levels must firmly establish the guanghui is gold
2、and silver green development concept, convinced that Castle is not relaxed, always maintaining strategic ability and strong determination to improve the environment, consistently playing well five water treatment of winning the war, ever-higher levels of comprehensive well-off society was built. (A)
3、 lay the sewage uphill battle. This year we will river water quality improved at the county level, up to five this basic objective grasp of pollution control that focus, with the focus on three things: a good job, clear rivers reaching the County created. Organization look back special inspection, t
4、he County garbage River, black and odorous River is Dragnet investigation, timely rectification of problems found in place firmly to prevent river pollution rebound. In accordance with the one-stop strategy, improving the inferior five water quality monitoring stations work this year to ensure the E
5、limination of 1 provincial control, five water quality section 3 municipalities controlled deterioration, ensure the creation this year of clear rivers standards. Second, pay special attention to pollution-cutting construction of nanotubes. Intercepting nanotubes are the basis of pollution of water
6、source engineering, engineering, matter of success or failure of water management. Urban sewage treatment, to improve effluent from sewage treatment rate, running accuracy, compliance requirement, speed up the towns support network construction, is focusing on nanotubes home last meters question. Do
7、mestic sewage treatment in rural areas, this year is the final year of the three-year action, determination to fight and the momentum around, ending the battle on which fully to ensure the realization of all County 648 formed village coverage. Also, be sure to attach importance to focus on rural dom
8、estic wastewater treatment facility operation and management, ensure that wastewater treatment facility up and running, role play, avoid the Sun problem. Third, pay special attention to the River Lake pond desilting operation. Provinces now have focused on pollution control of water go to dig up mud
9、, as the deepening water of this years plays. Next, to jump-start an investigation line touches work, implementation plan according to the priorities and the programme of work, in accordance with the one river one policy requires detailed cleaning, dredging plan, planning ahead of time cleaning out
10、mud way out, according to local conditions to do sludge, promote scientific resource utilization of silt and mud. (B) the heavy regulation of heavily polluting industries. Pollution of water must grab the source, wastewater is primarily the source of backward production capacity, increase the intens
11、ity of 第二节 房地产市场结构与指标一、房地产市场结构(考点)(2012、2011、2009、2007、2005、2004年考点)(一)房地产市场的垄断竞争关系【教材新增内容】市场结构,是指某一市场中各种要素之间的内在联系及其特征。市场可分为完全竞争市场、垄断竞争市场、寡头垄断市场和完全垄断市场四种市场结构类型。四种市场结构中,完全竞争市场竞争最为充分,完全垄断市场不存在竞争,垄断竞争和寡头垄断具有竞争但竞争又不充分。由于房地产具有明显的不可移动性和异质性,且市场集中度较低,因此房地产市场具有明显的垄断竞争特征。房地产供给者有一定程度的销售控制能力,存量住房市场表现为竞争多于垄断,新建住
12、房市场上的垄断多于竞争。【2012年试题】由于买卖双方主要为分散的普通居民,所以存量住房市场的结构特征为竞争多于垄断。()答案:见教材P36【2011年试题】商品房开发市场通常是典型的()市场。A完全竞争B垄断竞争C寡头垄断D完全垄断答案:B见教材P35(二)房地产市场的数量比例关系从对市场指标进行数量比例关系分析角度看,房地产市场结构可分为:总量结构、区域结构、产品结构、供求结构、投资结构和租买结构等维度。(1)总量结构:考察房地产供给和需求之间的总量差距。(2)区域结构:考察不同区域或城市之间,房地产市场的开发规模、主要物业类型、房价水平和政策措施的差异。(3)产品结构:考察房地产市场中住
13、宅、写字楼和商业用房等不同物业类型之间,或某一特定物业类型中不同档次产品或产品细分之间的供给比例或交易比例关系,分析其产品结构布局的合理程度。(4)供求结构:针对某一物业类型,分析其市场内部不同档次物业的供求关系。(5)投资结构:分析不同投资目的或方式之间的比例关系及其动态变化。(6)租买结构:分析租住空间和购买自住空间的比例关系。【2009、2007、2005、2004年试题】从宏观上说,在进行房地产市场结构分析时,通常应分析()。A物理结构B区域结构C产品结构D供求结构E总量结构答案:BCDE【2008年试题】某城市住宅市场调查结果显示,该城市住宅的总需求与总供给基本平衡,但同时显示,套型
14、建筑面积在120以上的住宅供过于求,70以下的住宅供不应求,则该城市的住宅市场处于()状态。A均衡B周期性失衡C结构性失衡D区域性失衡答案:C解析:总量结构平衡,产品结构失衡。二、房地产市场细分(重要考点)(2010、2008、2005年考点)(一)按地域范围细分按地域范围对房地产市场进行划分,是房地产市场划分的主要方式。最常见的是按城市划分,还可以按照城市某一个区域划分,市场所包括的地域范围越大,研究成果对房地产投资者的实际意义也就越小。(二)按房地产用途细分居住物业市场(含普通住宅、别墅、公寓市场等)、商业物业市场(写字楼、零售商场或店铺、休闲旅游设施、酒店市场等)、工业物业市场(标准工业
15、厂房、高新技术产业用房、研究与发展用房、工业写字楼、仓储用房市场等)、特殊物业市场、土地市场等。(三)按增量存量细分(难点)通常将房地产市场划分为三级市场:一级市场(土地使用权出让市场)、二级市场(土地转让、新建商品房租售市场)、三级市场(存量房地产交易市场)按照增量存量的方式,将土地划分为一级土地市场和二级土地市场,将房屋划分为一级房屋市场(增量市场或一手房市场)和二级房屋市场(存量市场或二手房市场)。(四)按交易方式细分房地产交易包括房地产转让、房地产租赁和房地产抵押。土地的交易(土地使用权)包括土地买卖、租赁和抵押等子市场;新建成的房地产产品交易存在着销售(含预售)、租赁(含预租)和抵押等子市场;面向存量房屋的交易则存在着租赁、转让、抵押、保险等子市场。【2005、2007年试题】房地产市场按市场交易形式细分时,新建成的房地产产品交易不包括()子市场。A租赁B销售C保险D抵押答案:C【易混淆点辨析】问:新建成的房地产产品交易,为什么提法是“销售”而不提“转让”?是不是习惯上都把第一次销售称为“销售”,第二次及以后则都称为“转让”(就好比土地使用权一样,第一次称为“出让”,第二次及以后称为“转让”)。而存量房地产交易子市场为什么又有“保险”?我认为,保险并没有发生交易,为什么它居然是一种交易的子市场呢?我始终不明白其道理。如果这句