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1、Module 5 The Great Sports PersonalityGrammar :状语从句 时间状语从句 地点状语从句 状语从句的类型 原因状语从句 条件状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 方式状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句一.时间状语从句在句中起时间状语作用的句子成为时间状语从句，可位于句中、句首、句末，常用引导时间状语从句的引导词：when, while, as, after, before, since, ever since, till, until, as soon as, once1、while, when, as 的用法（1）when用得最广，常可代替 while
2、与 as，与 while比较，when 所引导的 从句，动词既可是延续性的；也可以是终止的；as在这一点与 when相同， while引导的从句；动词只能是延续的。例： When the fire broke out, all the students were sleeping sound. The telephone rang while I was taking a bath.Notes:在时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时；用一般过去时表示过去将来时。例： When you get there ,ring me up. Dont forget to bring your cam
3、era here when you come.（2）两个表示时间延续的动作同时发生而又具有对比意义时，我们用while,在这样的复合句中，主句和从句的时态是相同的（通常）。例如： Father was preparing a report while I was playing PC game. While I played the piano, my sister did her homework.(3) 表述两个发展变化中的情况时常用“as”.例如：As he talked on, he got more and more excited. As you grow older, youll
4、 know better and better about yourself.（4）表示“ 一边。一边。”时，常用“as”例如：They talked as they walked along the river.(边走边读)（5）表示随着短暂动作的发生，另一行为伴随发生时，常用“as”例如：My cap was blown away as I sat down.2、until和 till的用法（可以互用） （1）until、 till 指的是某一持续性行为持续到某一时间点，对于终止性动词需要用动词的否定形式。例如：Ill wait untiltill the concert is over.
5、My uncle didnt marry until he was 45.(2)持续性动词的否定形式则表示到某一点这一行为才开始。例如：Until the manager returns ,nothing can be done.Note: Not until all the fish had died did the farmer realize how serious the pollution was.3.since 的用法(1) since表示自某一时间点以来，常用完成时态或完成进行时，在强调语意时since 前可加ever。主句可用持续性动词，也可用非延续性动词，用非延续性动词必须强
6、调动作的频度或多次、多个。如：Great changes have taken place since you left this city.I have returned home twice since I settled down in the USA.不可说成：I have returned home since I settled down in the USA.They have been living happily ever since they got married.（2）Since引导的从句中，若是持续性动词，往往理解为某一状态的终止。Its been a year si
7、nce I worked here.（我不在这里工作已经一年了）。（3）it is.since和it has been since ;it seemssince.和it fells since例如： It is has been a few years since we last met. it seems feels a long time since we parted.辨析：since 和 ever since 二者可用作副词，意为“自那以来”。 “since”修饰的主句一般不用终止性动词，除非表示动词的频率。“ever since”更加强调某一动作或状态一直，他所修饰的主句谓语动词不能
8、为终止性动词。例如： I bought the book last month and I have read it twice since. I graduated from that school 10 years ago. I havent been there ever since.4. before的用法：一般情况下，before表示“在。之前”，有时译为：“才。”eg: I must finish this letter before i go home. The train had already left before i arrived.5.名词短语引导的状语从句常用的这类名
9、词短语有：the time , the moment, the minute, the day, the year, the first/second time, by the time , each time, every time, next time, any time例如：The day he returned home ,his father was already dead .Every time I see him ,he is working hard.6. by the time 用法这个词组常用来指到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态。例如： By the time he w
10、as 12, he had traveled to 30 countries. By the time I graduate next year, I will have lived here for 5 years.若主句是“be” 的系表形式或像know 等表示“认知”的持续性动词，则往往用一般时态。如：By the time he went abroad , he was fifteen.7.表示“一就”引导词的用法。常表达“一就”的时间状语从句的引导词：as soon as , immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner than ,hard
11、ly.when.例如： No sooner had I began to talk than he rang off.=I had no sooner began to talk than he rang off.例如： Hardly had I told him my name when he stopped listening=I had hardly told him.Note:除了以上表示时间的从句外，还可用非时间状语从句的形式。 动词的ing 形式。如：Having checked all the answers, I turned my papers in . at. :常用于at
12、 the thought of (一想到。就。)， at the touch of (一摸到。就。)等结构中。例如：At the news， she burst into tears. on doing on sth例如：On her arrival at the countrysideOn arriving at the countryside , she felt a gust of cool air around herself.Note: 以上表达中，on doing结构表示“一。就。”，也可用doing 或when doing 结构；但动作没有结构紧凑二.地点状语从句：在句中作地点状
13、语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首、句中、句末。地点状语的从句的用法：常用的引导词有where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere 等。例如： We live where the road crosses the river. You can go anywhere you like. Where there is a will, there is a way.三.原因状语从句在句中作原因状语的从句称为原因状语从句，可位于句首、句尾。引导词：单词引导词because, as , since 等。 短语引导词 now that, in that ，
14、seeing that, for the reason that等。1.because, as , since, 用法（1）because 语气最强，用以回答why 引起的提问，可和强调词only, merely, just及否定词not连用。常用于主句之后，只有强调时才位于主句之前，还可以用于强调结构。例如： He was absent from school because he was ill. He was published only because he broke the law. It was because I wanted to see my uncle that I we
15、nt to town yesterday.(2)as 从句之前不可用强调词和“not”,且不可用于强调结构；as 从句多位于主句之前。例：As it was a public holiday, all the shops were shut.(3)since:既然前不可用强调词和not， 也不可用于强调结构，多用于主句之前。例：Since everyone makes mistakes, you shouldnt always criticize him.Note：for 是一个等立连词，连接并列句， 用来做附加说明，一般把“for”引起的句子放在某一句子之后。例：lets stay home , for its raining hard outside.2.now that
