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1、山西省,英语,第29讲 动词和动词短语,动 词,动词是表示动作或状态的词。动词分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。,考点一 实义动词的用法(及物动词与不及物动词),实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其是否跟宾语分为及物动词(vt.)和不及物动词(vi.)；按是否具有延续性分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。 1及物动词 及物动词就是后面接宾语意义才完整的动词。如love，need，want，ask，have，help，teach，make等。如： We love our great motherland very much.我们非常爱我们的伟大的祖国。 My grandfather boug
2、ht me a nice toy.我的祖父给我买了一个漂亮的玩具。 I will return the story book to him.我准备把故事书还给他。,2不及物动词 不及物动词本身意义完整，其后不必跟宾语。如come，go，run，travel，listen，swim，work等。如果需要带宾语，则不及物动词需要跟适当的介词连用。如： He study hard.他学习很努力。 People often swim in the river.人们经常在这条河里游泳。 I lived in Shanghai last year.去年我住在上海。 The baby is looking
3、at us.小孩正看着我们。 He is listening to the teacher.他正在听老师讲课。,系动词本身没有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。 常考系动词的分类,考点二 系动词的用法,【考点直击1】 1My parents expected me to be the best.I dont want to let them down _(2015，凉山) Amake.happy Bmake.tired Cmake.excited Dmake.disappointed 2It will _only about 50 minutes
4、 to travel to Mount Wuyi by highspeed railway.(2015，福州) Wow，how exciting！I cant wait. Atake Bspend Ccost,D,A,3Do you think our basketball team will win the match？(2015，自贡) Yes，we have better players.So I _them to win. Ahope Bhelp Cexpect 4Do you know the song Where has the time gone? Sure.It _beauti
5、ful.I like it a lot.(2015，鄂州) Asmells Btastes Csounds Dlooks 5The meat on the plate _so delicious.Lets try it together.(2015，青岛) Asmells Bsounds Csees Dfeels,C,C,A,6There are dark clouds，and the wind is blowing strongly. It _that a typhoon is coming.(2015，沈阳) Afeels Bsounds Cseems Dlooks 7This kind
6、of cloth _soft.(2015，黑河) Afeels Btastes Csmells 8Hou Yi Shoots Sun _one of the most traditional stories in China.(2015，贵阳) Awas Bis Care,C,A,B,9The money _real.In fact，its not.(2015，张家界) Ais Blooks Cmust be 10Dinner is ready.Help yourself，please! Wow！It _delicious.You are really good at cooking.(201
7、5，丹东) Agets Bsounds Ctastes Dturns,B,C,考点三 助动词的用法,助动词本身没有意义或意义不完全，不能单独用作谓语。助动词在句中与实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、人称和数。此外，还可以用来构成否定、疑问或强调的句型。具体用法见下表：,【注意】will，would，shall，should除了表示将来时间以外，更多的是作情态动词。,1常见情态动词的用法 情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能独立作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，后面必须接动词原形。常见的情态动词有：may，must，need，ought to等，具体用法见下表：,考点四 情态动词的用法,4引
8、导原因状语从句的从属连词,2常见情态动词的否定形式的用法,【考点直击2】 1What about going swimming this afternoon? You _be joking！Dont you know Im afraid of water？(2015，龙东) Amay Bcan Cmust 2You _tell anybody about thisits a secret.(2015，张家界) Acan Bmust Cmustnt 3Must I practice the violin now，mom？(2015，六盘水) No，you _You can go out for
9、a walk. Amustnt Bshouldnt Ccant Dneednt,C,C,D,4Whos singing in the garden？(2015，丹东) It _be Tom.He always practices singing at this time. Acant Bneed Cmust Dmustnt 5We _wait until the traffic light turns green when we cross the road.(2015，淮安) Amust Bcan Cneed Dmay 6The winner of the race is a tall an
10、d thin boy with glasses. Then it _be my friend，Mike，who looks very fat.(2015，营口) Amight Bcant Ccould Dmust,C,A,B,7The girl in the classroom _be Mary.She called me from Beijing just now.(2015，贵港) Amustnt Bneednt Cshouldnt Dcant 8Whose book is this？(2015，莆田) It _Amys.Well，her name is on the cover of t
11、he book. Amust be Bcant be Cmustnt be,D,A,动词短语,动语短语分类,1动词副词 add up加起来；break out爆发；carry on坚持下去，继续下去；clean up清除，收拾干净；clear up收拾，(天气)放晴；come back回来，想起来；come down落下来；cut down砍倒；cut off切断；cut up切碎；eat up吃光，吃完；fall behind落在后面，输给别人；find out发现，查明；get along取得进展；get together聚会，联欢；get up起床；give away分发，赠送；give
12、 back归还，送回；give out分发，用完，耗尽；give up放弃；go away走开，离去；grow up长大成人，成长；hand out分发；hold on坚持，(打电话)别挂断；keep on继续(进行)；let in让进来，放进；look ahead向前看；look up查找；pay back偿还(借款等)；pick up捡起，开车接，学会；point out指出，标明；put off推迟；put on穿，戴上，上演；put up举起，张贴；start off出发；stay up熬夜；take off脱下，起飞；turn down声音调小；turn off关闭；wake up唤
13、醒，醒来；watch out当心；work out算出,2动词介词 agree with赞同，同意(某人的看法)；arrive at/in到达；ask for请求，询问；base on以为依据；belong to属于；break into破门而入；call for需要，呼吁；care for在乎，关心；come from来自；deal with处理，对付；depend on/upon依靠，相信，依赖；get over克服；get to到达；go by走过，经过；go over仔细检查，复习；knock at敲；laugh at嘲笑；learn from向学习；look after照顾；look
14、 at看，观看；look for寻找；look like看起来像；pass by经过；point to指向；quarrel with(和某人)争吵；stand for代表(某事物)，支持；stick to坚持；talk about谈论，议论；think about考虑；think of想起，想出，认为；wait for等待,3动词副词介词 add up to加起来，总计；catch up with赶上；come up with想出；get along with相处；go on with继续进行；keep away from远离；keep up with跟上；和保持联系；look down on
15、/upon看不起；look forward to盼望；look out of朝外看；make up of由组成，构成；run out of耗尽 【注意】对于动词副词类的短语，如果是名词作宾语，那么这个名词既可以放在短语之间也可以放在短语的后面，但是如果是代词作宾语，则代词一定要放在短语之间。如： He turned off all the lights when he left.当他离开时，他关上了所有的灯。 He picked it up and gave it to me.他捡起它，然后把它交给了我。,【考点直击3】 1I really need to take more exercise because Im _weight.(2015，杭州) Aputting off Bputting on Cputting down Dputting away 2Helen is going to work in an old peoples home to help _the old people.(2015，菏泽改编) Alook forward to Blook after C
