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1、Error! No text of specified style in document.学校代码：10225学 号：专 业 学 位 论 文负载工况下锯链疲劳试验机研究黄宗宝指导教师姓名：杨铁滨 副教授 东北林业大学申请学位类别：硕 士专业领域：林业工程论文提交日期：2016年4月论文答辩日期：2016年6月授予学位单位：东北林业大学授予学位日期：2016年6月答辩委员会主席：论 文 评 阅 人：41- -University Code：10225Register Code ：Dissertation for the Degree of MasterResearch on saw chain
2、 fatigue testing machine under load condition Candidate:Huang ZongbaoSupervisor:Yang TiebinAssociate Supervisor:Academic Degree Applied for:Degree of masterSpeciality:Forestry engineeringDate of Oral Examination:University:Northeast Forestry University摘要链锯广泛应用于伐木、营林、木工、建筑和园林等行业, 是横向锯截木材的主要工具。锯链是链锯的工
3、作部件，锯链的切削性能对链锯整机的生产率及单位生产成本影响极大，对操作者的劳动强度及人身安全也有一定的影响。所以，提高国产锯链的切削性能是我国采伐机械制造业的关键技术之一。锯链疲劳试验是锯链生产过程中必不可少的一个环节。本文针对负载工况下的锯链疲劳试验机进行研究，解决了空载锯链疲劳试验机存在的缺陷。空载锯链疲劳试验机进行空载试验时，对于锯链疲劳寿命的测试只停留在锯链的连接装置上，忽略了影响锯链疲劳寿命最重要的因素切削刀具。通过对负载工况下锯链疲劳试验机研究，能够找出影响锯链疲劳寿命最重要的原因之一。本实验机的设计主要分为两大部分，分别是机械系统试验台和测控系统两个部分。其中机械试验台部分要用来
4、装载被锯切的木块，同时这部分需要提供进给力，通过箱体结构设计实现这些功能。另外在进行锯切试验时，要将电锯与箱盖之间固定住，电锯的运动轨迹要随着箱盖的运动轨迹来确定。在锯切过程中，电锯与箱盖、箱体之间一定会产生剧烈的振动，因此要将箱体的底座固定在地面上，防止由于振动产生的干扰和破坏。同时，在箱体上安装振动传感器，实时测量振动产生的力。为此，本实验机的箱体的每个底座设计了两个孔，可以通过这两个孔，用螺栓将疲劳试验机固定在地面上，这样能够有效防止振动带来的危害。机械试验台这部分的结构，主要在UG以及CAD这两个软件中绘制结构图，并且通过计算对结构强度进行校验以及在UG环境下对盖板进行应力、应变分析。
5、这就是整个机械试验台部分的设计方案。在疲劳试验机的测控系统部分，采用的是工业上常用的控制方式， PLC与变频器的组合变频调速，对电锯的电动机进行控制。主要是完成电锯的启动、停止、定时以及变频调速等功能。利用变频器，改变输入电压频率，进而改变电锯的转速，实现对电锯的调速功能。电锯的启动、停止以及定时功能通过PLC编程来控制。此外，要在电锯上安装测速传感器，对电锯的转速进行实时监控，并将信息回传给变频器，进行反馈调节。这种控制和调速方式更加智能化，利用PLC控制也节省人力，测试结果更准确。最后利用GX-developer编程软件对整个实验过程过程进行编程，根据试验要求和实验步骤绘制功能顺序图，在G
6、X-developer编程软件中绘制梯形图。关键词锯链；疲劳试验机；PLC控制AbstractChain saw is widely used in logging, forestry, woodworking, architecture and landscape etc，which is the main tool transverse saw cut wood. Saw chain is the working parts of the saw and the electric saw, is a special kind of flexible cutting tool. Cuttin
7、g performance of saw chain for chain saws machine has enormous influence on the productivity and the unit production cost, labor intensity of operators and security of person has a certain influence. Excellent cutting performance of the newly developed one of the essential condition of the saw chain
8、 market. Along with the upgrading of chain saw, saw chain abroad by its superior performance gradually occupied the saw chain market in China. Therefore, improve the cutting performance of domestic saw chain has become one of the key technologies to revive our saw chain manufacturing. And determinat
9、ion of cutting performance of the saw chain is an essential link in the process of saw chain manufacture.In this paper, a saw chain fatigue testing machine under load condition is designed. The design of this machine is mainly divided into two parts, namely, the mechanical system test bench and the
10、measurement and control system two parts. The mechanical test bench part to loading is sawing wood, also the need to provide feed force, through the box structure design to realize these functions. Also in sawing and cutting test, the chainsaw and the box cover is fixed between the living and the ch
11、ainsaw motion trajectory with the trajectory of the box cover to determine. In the cutting process, a chainsaw and a box cover, a box body will produce severe vibration, so to will box base fixed on the ground to prevent due to vibration disturbance and destruction. At the same time, the vibration s
12、ensor is installed on the box body to measure the force generated by the vibration in real time. To this end, the experimental machine box of each base of the design of the two holes, through the two holes, with the bolt will be fixed to the fatigue test machine on the ground, so that it can effecti
13、vely prevent the harm caused by vibration. This part of the mechanical test bench structure, mainly in the UG and CAD of the two software drawing structure, and through the calculation of the structural strength of the test and in the UG environment for the stress and strain analysis of the cover pl
14、ate. This is the design of the whole mechanical test bench. Portion of the measurement and control system in a fatigue test machine and the is commonly used in industry control, the combination of frequency control with PLC and frequency converter, on the saw motor control. Mainly completes the chai
15、nsaw start and stop, timing and frequency control function. The use of inverter, change the frequency of the input voltage, and then change the chainsaw speed to achieve speed function of the chainsaw. Saw the start and stop timing and function is controlled by the PLC programming. In addition to th
16、e chainsaw mounted tachometer sensor and speed on the saw were real time monitoring and will return information to the converter, feedback control. This control and speed control mode is more intelligent, the use of PLC control also save manpower, test results more accurate.Finally using GX-developer programming s
