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1、English News Translation ,The Principles of Translating Tropes (Figures of Speech) in English,Introduction,比喻是英语中常用修辞格, 是说话人借用喻体( vehicle)和本体( tenor) 的某种类似性质去说明比较复杂的事物或深奥的道理。通俗点说, 比喻 就是打比方。从认识论的角度看, 自然界的复杂性, 人类认识的局限性, 以 及语言系统自身在表达上的有限性, 迫使人们通过比较简单的方式来说明 复杂的事理。从修辞学的角度来说,比喻是借助于喻体和本体之间的共同 或相似之处或它们之间的相互
2、联系, 来达到喻义目的的。 一般来说, 比喻包括明喻( simile ) 和隐喻( metaphor) 。明喻一词源于 拉丁语similis, 意思像 ( like) ,而隐喻一词源于希腊语metapheriein, 原意 为transfer ( 转换) 。无论是明喻还是暗喻都有本体( tenor) 和喻体 ( vehicle) 而隐喻被认为是一种没有比喻词( comparative word) 的明喻, 也被称为简缩了的明喻( compressed simile) 。 比喻似乎是世界所有语言所共有的一种修辞形式, 但由于各民族间文化 重合( culture overlaps) 和文化特有性(
3、 culture specific) 的存在, 比喻修辞 格的使用在不同的语言文化环境中有其共性和个性。,Principles of translating English Tropes,Keep the original vehicle 为了更多地保留原文风格, 对于英语中那些 很有特色的比喻, 只要符合汉语规范, 而且其 形象又能为中国读者所接受, 不妨大胆地移植 过来, 保留英国文化中特有的形象, 这样有助 于将英国文化介绍到汉语中来, 丰富词汇, 提 高汉语语言的表达功能, 并使中国读者有一种 新鲜感。,That achievement was a milestone in his c
4、areer. 那项业绩是他职业生涯中的一个里程碑。 His snide remarks about the winners are nothing but sour grapes. 他对获胜者的尖刻评词只不过是酸葡萄而已。 (sour grapes: unfair criticism that comes from someone who is disappointed about not getting something) He accepted the award to thunderous applause. 他领奖时响起了雷鸣般的掌声。 He turned out to be a w
5、olf in sheeps clothing. 他只是一头披着羊皮的狼。,The governor finally met his Waterloo in the last election. Tr. (1)州长在最后一轮选举中遭遇滑铁卢。 Tr. (2)州长在最后一轮选举中败选。 He doesnt have an idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say. 他没有自己的观点，只会鹦鹉学舌。 He was very thin and his skin hung on his bones like an old suit mu
6、ch too large for him. 他瘦得皮包骨头, 那松弛的皮肤像一件大的不合身的 旧衣服聋拉在骨架上。,2. Substitute Chinese vehicles which are similar in meaning for the original ones in English He came in from the rain looking like a drowned rat. 他从雨中走进来，淋得像只落汤鸡。 He spends money like water. 他挥金如土。（like water: in large amounts） His daughter i
7、s the apple of his eye. 他女儿是他的掌上明珠。（the apple of someones eye: a person or thing that someone loves very much） Putting ice cream on this delicious cake is just gilding the lily. 给这个香甜的蛋糕加奶油，是画蛇添足。 (gild the lily: to add decoration to sth that is already beautiful: to try to improve something that do
8、se not need to be improved) Getting the permit turned out to be as easy as pie. 获得批准简直易如反掌。,3. Ignore the original vehicle and only translate the original meaning 在翻译过程中, 我们还会遇到一些英语比喻 , 它们的形象既不能保留, 也不能替换。为了 兼顾中英文化和语言习惯, 我们只能舍弃形式 上的一致而寻求意义上的等值。用非形象性 的语言将原文比喻所含的信息传达出来, 这样 做会丧失原有的美学价值, 削弱原文的感染力。 但是, 有时
9、这是不可避免的。,She was the black sheep of the family. 她是一个败家子。(black sheep: someone who is thought by other members of their group to be a failure or to have brought shame on the group) She felt that she must not yield, she must go on leading her straitened humdrum life. This was her punishment for having
10、 made a mistake. She had made her bed, and she must lie on it. 她觉得不能打退堂鼓, 她必须继续过她那种贫困而单调的生活, 这是她为所犯错误应受的惩罚, 她要自食其果。 When Jean graduated from high school, she looked at the world through rose-colored glasses. 中学毕业的时候, 琼把一切事情看得太简单、太容易了。(If you see or view something through rose-colored glasses, you th
11、ink of it as being better than it really is.),When he was younger he used to drink like a fish. 他年轻时经常喝很多酒。（drink like a fish: to drink a lot of alcohol regularly） I am sure the memory of this treacherous act will be a thorn in his flesh for the rest of his life. 我相信，在他有生之年，每当想起这桩背叛行径，就会感到 苦恼。(a tho
12、rn in the flesh: a person or thing that repeatedly annoys you or causes problems for you) This weekends match was his swan song as the teams captain. 这周末的比赛是他当队长的告别赛。(swan song: the last performance or piece of work by an actor, athlete, writer, etc.),Conclusion,从以上探讨中, 我们可以得出下面几点结论: 1. 比喻的成功翻译不但能传达原文的意义和精神, 还能拓宽中国读者的视野, 丰富汉语的词汇, 从更深的层次上促进不同民放文化的交融和互补。 2. 翻译比喻离不开文化信息的传递, 译者应尽可能多地了解英语国家的文化, 翻译时尽可能做到从英语文化的观点出发去深刻领会原文的文化内涵。 3. 比喻中文化差异的复杂性决定了翻译方法的多样性, 译者应在传达喻义并尽量保留文化特色的原则上灵活处理。有时还需尽可能异中求同。,
