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1、能力提升题组训练(B).阅读理解A(2018苏锡常镇调研)As countless unmade beds and unfinished homework assignments prove,kids need rules.Yet how parents make demands can powerfully influence a childs social skills,psychologists at the University of Virginia recently found after the conclusion of a study investigating the tr
2、ansition from adolescence to adulthood.Initially 184 13-year-olds filled out multiple surveys,including one to assess how often their parents employed psychologically controlling strategies,such as inducing guilt or threatening to withdraw affection.The kids rated,for example,how typical it would be
3、 for Dad to suggest that “ if I really cared for him,I would not do things that caused him to worry ” or for Mom to become “less friendly when I did not see things her way.”The researchers followed up with the subjects at ages 18 and 21,asking the young adults to bring along a close friend and,later
4、,a romantic partner if they had one.These pairs were asked to answer hypothetical (假设的) questions that were purposefully written to inspire a difference of opinion.“We wanted to see whether they could navigate a disagreement in a healthy way,”says study leader Barbara Oudekerk,now at the U.S. Depart
5、ment of Justices bureau of statistics.In the October issue of Child Development,Oudekerk and her colleagues report that the 13-year-olds who had highly controlling parents struggled in friendly disagreements at age 18.They had difficulty stating their opinions in a confident, reasoned manner in comp
6、arison to the kids without controlling parents.And when they did speak up,they often failed to express themselves in warm and productive ways.The researchers suspect that pushy parents ruin their childs ability to learn how to argue his or her own viewpoint in other relationships.Although parents do
7、 need to set boundaries,domineering strategies imply that any disagreement will damage the bond itself.Separate findings suggest that parents who explain the reasons behind their rules and turn disagreements into conversations leave youngsters better prepared for future arguments.The consequences of
8、 tense or domineering relationships appear to get worse with time.This study also found that social difficulties at 18 predicted even poorer communication abilities at age 21.Psychologist Shmuel Shulman of Bar-Ilan University in Israel,who did not participate in the work,thinks these conclusions con
9、vincingly reveal how relationship patterns “carry forward” into new friendships.1.What will happen to the teenagers with pushy parents?A.They lose social skills. B.They have trouble presenting opinions.C.They express themselves in an aggressive way.D.They fail to inspire a difference of opinion.2.Wh
10、at does the underlined word “domineering” in Paragraph 5 mean?A.alternative B.conservativeC.powerful D.forceful3.It can be inferred from the findings that parents should .A.communicate with children when setting rulesB.learn new ways to establish new friendshipsC.seek more controlling strategiesD.he
11、lp children develop abilities to follow rules.语篇解读:本文是说明文。讲述了强势的父母培养出来的孩子在观点表达方面往往比较困难,与他人沟通存在障碍。答案及剖析:1.B细节理解题。根据第四段“They had difficulty stating their opinions.in warm and productive ways”和第五段“The researchers suspect.in other relationships” 可知强势的父母培养出来的孩子在观点表达方面有困难。2.D猜测词义题。根据画线单词后的“any disagreemen
12、t will damage the bond itself,”及前一句中的“pushy”可知画线单词意为“强势的”。3.A推理判断题。根据第五段“Separate findings suggest.for future arguments”可知父母应与孩子交流规则背后的原因,故选A。BAbout a quarter of the world drives on the left,and the countries that do are mostly old British colonies (殖民地) like Australia and Ireland.But Thailand,Indon
13、esia and Japan also do so.This strange quirk (奇事) puzzles the rest of the world;however,there is a perfectly good reason.Up to the late 1700s,everybody travelled on the left side of the road because its the most sensible option for feudal (封建的),violent societies with mostly right-handed people.Soldi
14、ers with their swords under their right arm naturally passed on each others right,and if you passed a stranger on the road,you walked on the left to ensure that your protective sword arm was between yourself and him.Revolutionary France,however,overturned this practice as part of its sweeping social
15、 rethink.A change was carried out all over continental Europe by Napoleon.It changed under Napoleon because he was left-handed.His armies had to march on the right so he could keep his sword arm between him and any opponent.From then on,any part of colonized by the French travelled on the right.Afte
16、r the American Revolutionary War (17751783),the US became independent and decided to make traffic drive on the right in order to cast off all remaining links with its British colonial past.As America became the center of the car industry,if you wanted a good reliable vehicle,you bought American right-hand-drive cars.From then on,many countries changed out of necessity.Tod
