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1、,How Life Began on the Earth Language study,Unit 4,Why did many species(物种)like the dinosaurs die out?,Air pollution ：smog,smog = smoke + fog,Movie about the smog,lay-laid-laid-laying, lay eggs 下蛋 lay 放, 把放在; 产卵,原句再现1: They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.,Farm
2、ers lay straws(秸秆)in the fields.,eg. The hen laid seven eggs.,Language study,lie, lie , lay 的区别如下:,Tips: lay (laid; laid; laying) 放置;产卵 lie (lay; lain; lying) 躺;位于 lie (lied; lied; lying) 说谎,顺口溜: 规则的“说谎” （直接-d） 不规则的“躺” (完全不一致) 躺完就“下蛋” （lay） 下蛋不规则,Tom who_ on the grass _to me that the hen had _two eg
3、gs.,lay,lied,laid, exist vi. 存在；生存,Without air, we cant exist even for one minute. 没有空气，我们甚至连一分钟都生存不了。,(1)There exist . 存在；有 (2)existence n. 存在；生活 come into existence= come into being产生；开始存在,Language study,1Many problems are existing on your paper（改错）. Dinosaurs once were existed on the earth （改错）,T
4、here existed dinosaurs on the earth a long time ago.,2翻译句子 很久以前地球上存在着恐龙(dinosaur)。,Exercise,There exist some factories in my hometown.,我家乡有些工厂(factory)。,exist _,_ existed,What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into t
5、he oceans and seas.,harmful adj. 有害的 harmless adj. 无害的 harm n./v. 损害，伤害，危害,be harmful to sb./sth. = do harm to sb. /sth.=do sb/sth harm 对有害,原句再现2：,The polluted air _our health.,is harmful to,/does harm to,1.手机对家庭关系造成危害。,Exercise,The cell phones _ our family relationship.,are harmful to/do harm to,2.
6、 被污染的空气对人的健康有害.,Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. 另外一些叫作两栖动物,它们既能在活水里生存，也能 在陆地上生存。 A as well as B表示“(除B之外)A也; 既B又A”. 如: Im learning French as well as English. 我学英语之外还学法语。,原句再现3：,He as well as I _ (like) rock music.,likes,Exercise,He grows flowers as well a
7、s vegetables. 他既种菜也种花.,This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.,该结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不 定式或that从句。常用于此结构的动词：make, think, believe, find, consider, feel等。,that 从句,chain reaction 连锁反应,2）Make it possible for life to develop. 使生命的发展成为可能,make it + adj./ n.+ to do sth. 使某
8、人做某事,原句再现4：,(2011天津高考)We feel _ our duty to make our country a better place. Ait Bthis Cthat Done 解析：选 。考查代词。句意：我们认为把我们的国家建设得更好是我们的职责。根据句意可知，it 在句中作形式宾语，代替后面的不定式。,直击高考,A,1) 这场雨使我们走远路很困难。 The rain _ long distances. 2) 他每天早晨六点起床，这已成为一种习惯。 He_ get up at six every day. 3) 蒂娜明确表示她将离开这家公司。 Tina _she would
9、 leave the company.,made it difficult for us to walk,makes it a rule to,made it clear that,Exercise,They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.,阻止某人做某事 :,prevent sb. (from) doing sth.,stop sb. (from) doing sth.,keep sb. f
10、rom doing sth.,注意：keep sb. from doing sth.中from不可省略, 被动语态中,他们中的from都不可省。,原句再现5：,No one can_ this plan_ being carried out.,1.人们被拦在了燃烧着的大楼外面(stopfrom)。,2. 谁也不能阻止这个计划的实施。,prevent from,People were stopped from entering the burning building.,Exercise,Compare the two sentences,1.Mary kept the light burnin
11、g all night.,2.Mary kept the light from burning all night.,拓展 keepdoing 持续做某事 keepfrom doing 阻止干某事,Challenge yourself,原句再现：it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.（para.2）,1._ the shape would last or not is a difficult question to answer.,3. The problem _ the shape would last or not puz
12、zles us.,2. We wonder _ the shape would last or not.,4. The problem is _ the shape would last or not.,A,Whether,whether,whether,whether,B,C,D,Whether四用法：,A 同位语从句 B表语从句 C主语从句 D宾语从句, Translation：The air in my hometown,1.There _(存在，有) a lot of factories in my hometown.,3. They sent out(释放) plenty of _(
13、有害的) gases into the atmosphere.,exist,harmful,2. Many farmers _(放置)straws in the fields and burn them after harvesting.,lay,4.Many trees _(和) grass are destroyed for industrial land(工业用地).,as well as,5.这产生了一系列的反应。 _.,It produced a chain reaction,Challenge yourself,6.雾霾让人们呼吸变得困难。 The smog makes it _f
14、or people _.,7. 雾霾阻止人们外出活动。 The smog_us_going out and taking activities.,difficult/hard,to breathe,prevents from,8. 这一问题能否解决取决于当地政府是否及时采取措施(take measures )。 _the problem can be solved _ _the local government takes measures _.,Whether,whether,depends on,in time, Translation：The air in my hometown,Challenge yourself,Mini-writing,Tips:连句成篇, 必要时加适当的连词。,The air in my hometown,Show time,There _(exist) a lot of factories in my hometown. Many farmers _(lay)straws in the fields and burn them after harvesting. They sent out(释放) plenty of _(harm) gases into the atmosphere. Many trees _(
