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1、,Carbohydrates 糖类,江苏省常州高级中学 房寿高,Question:,Are all the carbohydrates sweet? The sweet substance belongs to carbohydrate ?,Starch(淀粉）、cellulose seljulus （纤维素）etc. are not sweet,but they belong to carbohydrates.,and the sweet substances are not always the carbohydrates,such as saccharin（糖精）,1. What is
2、the carbohydrate?,A carbohydrate is an organic compound that consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water).,in other words, with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n.,Just for this reason ,it is called carbohydrate (碳水化合物）.,Some exceptions ex
3、ist,for example, deoxyribose di:,ksiraibus（脱氧核糖） , a component of DNA, has the empirical formula C5H10O4.),At the same time , a component of acetic acid has the formula C2H4O2 C2(H2O)2,but it does not belong to carbohydrate.,Carbohydrates are not technically hydrates of carbon. Structurally it is mo
4、re accurate to view them as polyhydroxy plihaidrksi aldehydes or ketoneski:tunz （多羟基醛或酮）or hydrolyzed（水解） to produce them.,2. Classification of carbohydrate,单糖：monosaccharide ,mnuskraid,(Can not be hydrolyzed),C6H12O6: glucose(葡萄糖）(blood sugar) or dextrose ; fructose(果糖）or levulose; Galactose(lktus
5、半乳糖）,二糖：disaccharide,C12H22O11： sucrose（蔗糖）(table sugar)，maltose m:ltus （麦芽糖）,lactose（乳糖）（milk sugar),多糖：polysaccharide ,pliskraid ,（C6H10O5)n: starch (淀粉），cellulose(纤维素）,3. Chemical properties,Carbohydrates containing CHO can undergo silver mirror reactions (all the aldehyde（醛）;葡萄糖；麦芽糖等）,2) reactin
6、g with the new-made Cu(OH)2 suspension,Phenomena:,Brick red deposit (dipzit ) 砖红色沉淀,3) Hydrolysis haidrlisis reaction(水解反应） of disaccharide and polysaccharide,Sucrose,glucose,fructose,maltose,starch,Question：,How to testify the starch hydrolysis product containing glucose?,Hot-water bath,starch + H2SO4 (dilute),NaOH,Silver ammonia solution,silver glass,Hot-water bath,neutralize H2SO4,谢谢！,
