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1、Lets Learn together!,直接引语与间接引语,引述某人的话一般采用两种形式： 一种是直接引语（direct speech), 即原封不动地引用原话，把原话放在引号内； 一种是间接引语（indirect speech)，即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。,The boy said, “I am smart.“,that he was smart.,The boy said,The butterfly said, “I can fly.“,that it could fly.,The butterfly said,The teacher said, “I am pre
2、paring a lesson.”,The teacher said,that he was preparing a lesson.,She said that she liked singing.,She said that she was waiting for a bus.,She said that she had never met an American.,She said that she would see me the next week.,SUMMARY,直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用连词that引导的宾语从句.从句中的人称,时态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等相应变化
3、.,whether/if we liked singing.,“Do you like singing?”,He asked,whether/if I was a doctor.,“Are you a doctor?”,He asked,He asked me, “What can I do for you?”,He asked me what he could do for me.,Mary said to Ann, “How can you do that?”,Mary asked Ann how she could do that.,He asked them who had given
4、 them a talk .,She asked us where we were going to get off.,She asked me if/whether I had seen the film.,He asked John if/whether he was a doctor.,SUMMARY,直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词if或whether连接。 直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。,He asked me, ”Are you from Beijing?”,Tom asked Ann, “Do you like apples?”,
5、Tom asked Ann if she liked apples.,He asked me if/whether I was from Beijing.,If vs. whether,I dont know whether/if they will come to help us.(一般情况下可以通用) I dont know whether or not they will come for our help.(whether or not/ whether.or not),直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾
6、语。例如：,The teacher ordered, “Be quiet.“,The captain ordered us to be quiet.,注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。,My teacher asked me, “Dont laugh.“,My teacher asked me not to laugh.,直接引语间接引语：人称时态变化,直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称（一随主） He said, “I am very sorry.” He said that he was very sorry. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一
7、人称（二随宾） “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me. My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.,直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称（二随宾） She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight.” She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. 人称的转换包括人称代
8、词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me?” He asked me whether I would go to the station with him.,（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时 （2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时 （3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时 （4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时 （5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时 （6） 过去时态不变,直接引语间接引语：时态的变化,时态不变化： 直接引语是客观真理 “The moon moves around the earth”, the teacher
9、 told me. The teacher told me the moon moves around the earth. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变 Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.,直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 Xiao Wang said, “I was born on April 2l, 1980.”
10、Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980. 直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。 He said, “I get up at six every morning.” He said he gets up at six every morning.,如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时 (例：could, should, would, might) ，时态不再变。 Peter said, “You had bett
11、er come here today.” Peter said I had better go there that day.,直接引语间接引语：句式变化,直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。 She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.” She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.,直接引语如果是一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句. 但用陈述句语序 He said, “Can you swim, John?” He asked
12、 John if he could swim. “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?” He asked me. He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.,“You have finished the homework, havent you?” my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.,直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
13、 She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?” She asked me when they had their dinner.,直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应根据语气 改为“tell (ask, order, beg等) sb. (not) to do sth.”句型。如： “Dont make any noise,” she said to the children. 告诫语气 She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. “Bring me a cup of tea, pl
14、ease,” said she.要求语气 She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.,Its your turn now!,1. “I never eat meat,” he said. He said that _ never _ meat. 2. “Ive found my wallet,” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet. 3. “I took it home with me,” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.,he,ate,tol
15、d,had,found,his,she,had,taken,4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west. 5. “I met her yesterday,” he said to me. He _ me that he _ met her the day _. 6. “You must come here before five,” he said. He said that I _ to go _ before five.,rises,goes,told,had,before,had,there,7. “I bought the house 10 years ago,” he said. He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _. 8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He _ _ I had seen her the week _. 9. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.
