《大学商贸英语考试范围》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大学商贸英语考试范围（14页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、第一单元 P6 经济选择 生产可能性曲线1.1重大的经济目标 the important economic goals 制定经济政策 formulate economic policies自然资源的分配 the allocation for natural resources 政府总支出的限制 the limitation of the governments whole expenditure农业总产量 the whole output of agriculture 充分利用各种生产要素 make full use of every factor of production1.2realiz
2、e the price stability 实现物价稳定fast economic growth 快速经济增长the fall of inflation rate 通货膨胀率下降economic performance of the government 政府的经济业绩reduction in the opportunity of employment 就业机会减少the input of the factor of production 生产要素的投入2.1(1)Our interest in microeconomics is motivated by more than our need
3、 to understand how the large economy works.我们对于微观经济学的关注不仅仅是出于我们需要了解更大的经济领域是怎么运转的。(2)Within the confines of our production possibilities we have to choose among consumption, government spending, and investment.在我们所拥有的生产可能性范围内，我们必须在消费、政府支出和投资之间进行选择。(3)R&D activity may be a specific, identifiable activ
4、ity ( e. g. ,in a research lab ) or it may be part of the progress of learning by doing.研发活动可能是一项具体的、可识别的活动（例如在一个研究实验室中所开展的） ，或者它可能是“干中学”过程的一部分。(4)Industrialization, while perhaps costly in terms of resource allocation, has a major stabilizing influence by reducing dependence on single crops or prod
5、ucts in the world economy. 从资源分配方面来看，工业化虽然可能代价高昂，但由于它在世界经济领域中减少了对个别作物或产品的依赖，因而产生了重要的稳定作用。2.2(1)但事实上，在一种货物价格上涨的情况下，人们购买的数量可能更多，特别是如果预计价格将进一步上涨。In reality, however, people may buy more of a good at increased prices, especially if the prices are expected to increase still further.(2)这样做，我们是出于这样的信念，即接近正
6、确总比完全错误好。In doing so, we are motivated by the conviction that it is better to be approximately right than to be dead wrong.(3)微观经济学着重于各个消费者具体的支出决定和影响那些决定的各种因素（爱好、价格、收入） 。 Microeconomics focuses on the specific expenditure decisions of individual consumers and the factors ( tastes, prices, incomes )
7、that influence those decisions.(4)准备金规定是指一家银行资产的一定比例必须处于流动资产的形式，从而按该比例减少可用作贷款的准备金。The reserve requirement is the percentage of a banks assets that must be held in a liquid form, reducing by that percentage the funds available to be loaned.3The resource is goods and service that can be used to produc
8、e the commodities people need. And the criterion of verification is price: the economic resources have got non-zero prices, while the unrestricted resources have no price. In a world where resources can be used freely, since all the goods can be satisfied, there is not any economic problem.资源是可用于生产能
9、够满足人们需要的商品的物品和服务。检验的标准是价格：经济资源具有非零价格，而自由资源却无价格。在一个所有资源都可以自由取用的世界里，由于所有需要都可以满足，因此不存在任何经济问题。第二单元 P23 生产可能性曲线在主要经济问题上的应用1.1长期 long-run扎根，固定 take root即使 even if与有关 have to do with最重要的，首先 above all而不是 rather than1.2as well as 也be opposed to 相对于short-run 短期go so far as to 竟然做devote to 把 .献给；把专用于reflective
10、 of 反映出2.1(1)Second, there is evidence that the shoe still pinches in the United States, even among economic classes well above the poverty level.第二，有证据表明美国经济仍然处境困难，甚至在远远高出贫困线的经济阶层中也如此。(2)A listing of these costs, both direct and indirect, is like a catalog of the ills of modern industrialor, perhap
11、s better, post-industrialsociety. 如果将这些直接和间接的代价罗列出来，可以发现它就像是一部现代工业社会病的目录也许称后工业社会病的目录更恰当一些。(3)A modern economy does not remain static but grows, as suggested by these outward shifts of the production-possibility.一个现代经济体不是静止不动而是会向前发展的，正如这些边界不断向外扩展的生产可能性曲线一样。(4)This choice will reflect not only the sta
12、ge of development of the economy, but also its economic system.这个选择的结果不仅将反映这个经济体所处的发展阶段，而且可以反映出经济系统本身是什么样的。2.2(1)这不仅仅是一个社会必须做出的选择，由于经济学问题往往是相互联系的，所以这种选择也反映了许多其他选择问题的解决方法。 This is not the only kind of choice a society must make,but since economic problems tend to be interrelated,this choice is reflec
13、tive of the solutions to many other choice problems as well.(2)这些不同的经济系统如何影响经济选择将是我们要涉及的主要内容。The way in which these different economic systems work to influence economic choices will be a major concern for us .(3)但这种增长的进程表现为生产可能性曲线的不断扩展并不是随着时间流逝就能自动发生的。Now this growth process-this shifting out of th
14、e production-possibility curve does not happen automatically with the passage of time.(4)现代经济的快速增长曾经一度使 20 世纪 60 年代的一些观察家们感到，即使我们还没有达到一个所有基本经济问题都被解决的阶段，那么至少离这么一天也不远了。The rapidity of modern growth led some observers in the 1960s to wonder if we had not would be solved in the near future.3.First,the c
15、onvert of freedom from scarcity has never had much relevance to the majority of the worlds population,which lives iin the underdeveloped world.To speak of the “affluent society”in Ethiopia or Upper Volta would be not only inapproprita but cruel.There are more hungry people in the world today than we
16、re a century ago ,because of the enormous growth of population in the poor countries of the world.第一， “摆脱短缺”从未跟占世界人口多数的不发达地区有过太多关系。在埃塞俄比亚或布基纳法索，谈论“富足社会”不仅仅不恰当，甚至是残酷的。由于贫困国家人口的巨大增长，今天在这些地方饥民的数量比一个世纪以前还要多。第四单元 P48 亚当斯密和古典经济学家1.1 把看作，把认为 regard as 指出 point out 不管 leave alone使显示，出版，生产，说出 bring out 1.2of a rather different mind 持不同看法say a word 说一下except for 除以外at large 详尽，普遍的，整个2.1(1)Early British economists were interested in a
