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1、Tess of the DUrbervilles,Thomas Hardy,Thomas Hardy的创作 长篇小说14部、短篇小说集4部、诗集8部、史诗剧列王三部。 小说分为三类： “传奇和幻想作品”（罗曼史） “机巧和实验小说”（爱情阴谋故事） “性格和环境小说”（最重要的部分）,Wessex Novels威塞克斯小说 哈代的系列小说总题名，包括14部小说。威塞克斯是哈代家乡的古地名，哈代用威塞克斯的同一背景把多部小说联成一体。全部作品分为三大类，“罗曼史和幻想”、“爱情阴谋小说”、“性格和环境小说”。主要内容是描写19世纪后半期英国宗法制农村社会的衰亡，表现下层人民的悲惨命运。 哈代的“
2、性格和环境小说”，表现出作者对造成威塞克斯社会和威塞克斯人悲剧命运的探讨。经历了“命运悲剧性格悲剧社会悲剧”的发展过程。代表作是德伯家的苔丝。他这些小说展示了英国农村的恬静景象。,简介： Tess of the DUrbervilles is the most famous novel of Thomas Hardy. Focusing on the tragic experience of its heroine Tess, the plot of story begins. Tess comes from a farmers family, the Durbeyfields. She ha
3、s lived a poor but peaceful life. However, God, “The President of the Immoral” begins to play a cruel joke on this innocent girl. One day her father, John Durbeyfied learns that they are descended from the DUrbervilles, an ancient family once renowned in England. Tesss parents are in an ecstasy of d
4、elight over the news. Her mother urges Tess to claim kinship with the remaining DUrbervilles, so that Tess could marry a gentleman. Unwillingly, the girl comes in contact with the Stoke, DUrbervilles. There she meets Alec DUrbervilles, who shows off the estate and always seduces her. Having received
5、 a job of tending to chickens, Tess stays in the DUrbervilles. Her tragic life has just begun. Before long the rich and guileful Alec manages to seduce the girl and make her pregnant. Being humiliated and resolute, Tess returns home. Despite the rumors all around, she gives birth to a child, who is
6、called Sorrow but dies soon because of grave illness.,For several weeks, Tess is overwhelmed by grief and sorrow. Nevertheless, without financial support, Tess has to leave home and goes to work as a dairymaid at a distant farm, where she meets Angel Claire. They have met each other before, and Tess
7、 has made a favorable impression on Angel. After Angel persistent pursuit of Tess, the two fall in love and become engaged. Then comes the wedding night, too honest to keep any secret, Tess admits about Alec DUrbervilles and the child. She begs for forgiveness, but Angel leaves her in disgust. Tess
8、again returns home alone, only find that her family remains impoverished and she even has no place to stay. In the meantime, Alec DUrbervilles, the evil person appears again. He takes advantage of the Durbeyfields poverty and continues to tempt Tess. He promises to support her family, only as a mean
9、s to make Tess dependent. At the end of hope, the girl jumps into the trap of the shameless man. However, the tragedy has not finished yet. Angel Claire, who is remorseful for his mercilessness, comes back, but to find the cruel reality. And his arrival makes Tess even more desperate. After Angel le
10、aves, she stabs Alec in the heart and kills him. Then she follows Angel and escape with him. They manage to hide for a while in a wood before they come to Stonehenge, where she is arrested. She is hanged later.,人物性格分析： Tess : an innocent country girl brought up with the traditional idea of womanly v
11、irtues , suffers the poverty and denunciation of the society . In most people eyes , Tess is a bad woman without morality , she is a mistress , a criminal . Maybe the whole life of Tess is ended up with tragedy , but her brave to the evil , persistent to the truth ， pursue to her love represent she
12、is the model of modern time . To Hardy , Tess is the daughter of nature , she mixes the pure with resolute . Although Tess is hanged at the end , she is lucky because she is free from this earthly world . No one can be the perfect one , the weakness of Tess makes her a real person , which is showed
13、vividly before us . Key words : nature , pure , brave , weakness , rebel. Clare :lived in such conditions which the masculine authority played an important role in traditional society. Angel Clare was one of the victims of this society. Maybe some of his ideas is advanced ,but he still cant get rid
14、of the shackles of the old moral prejudices.,苔丝的悲剧与她生命中的两个男人息息相关,一个是诱奸她的亚雷德伯;一个是抛弃她的安琪克莱尔。亚雷德伯在苔丝眼里就是“撒旦”,是魔鬼的象征,他就是毁灭苔丝终身幸福的罪魁祸首。他第一次看见苔丝,就垂涎她超凡脱俗的美貌。亚雷德伯对苔丝的纠缠玩弄代表了资产阶级恶势力对农民阶级的蹂躏。安琪克莱尔是苔丝心目中的“天使”,苔丝很早就对他产生了爱慕之情,但是安琪克莱尔表面上“具有一定的开明思想”,其实并没有真正摆脱旧道德偏见的束缚,“一旦事出非常”,那种以男性为中心的旧道德观念就使他成为“成见习俗的奴隶”。如果说亚雷德伯从肉体上毁了苔丝,让她成为一名“不贞洁”的女人,那么,安琪克莱尔则从精神上给了苔丝致命的一击,让她对生活失去了希望。安琪克莱尔对苔丝的抛弃则表现了资产阶级的传统道德观念对她的迫害。克莱尔在本质上也是男权社会的化身,他和亚雷德伯共同摧毁了苔丝。,
