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1、(十三)句式结构 一、祈使句 1.祈使句的否定式是在句首原形动词前加dont或never。 Please dont forget to take your medicine. 2.祈使句的反义疑问句是在句末加“will you？”。 Have another piece of cake，will you? Dont make any noise，will you? 3.祈使句前加助动词do用来加强语气。 Do turn off the light before you leave. 4.祈使句可以带主语。,(1)为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出要求或发出命令时，需加上 主语“you”，有时还可同
2、时加上称呼语。 Tom，you water the flowers! (2)命令或吩咐几个人分头做几件事情时，祈使句需带主语“you”。 You，girls，clean the desks，you，boys，sweep the floor. (3)表达“不高兴、厌烦”等情绪时，可带主语“you”。 You mind your own business！你少管闲事！ (4)祈使句的主语还可用“everybody，everyone，somebody， somone，nobody”或第三人称。 Someone answer the phone！谁去接一下电话！,5.以Lets或Let us开头的祈使
3、句。 Lett get down to work，shall_we? Let us calm down，will_you? 6.构成句式：祈使句and/or简单句。 Make a move and Ill shoot. (If you make a move，Ill shoot.) Go away，or I will call the police. (If you dont go away，I will call the police.) 二、感叹句 1.基本句式 (1)Whata/an形容词单数可数名词主语谓语 What a clever boy he is!,(2)What形容词不可数名
4、词主语谓语 What fine weather we are having today! (3)What形容词复数名词主语谓语 What beautiful flowers these are! (4)How形容词或副词主语谓语 How high the mountain is! 2.特殊句式 (1)How形容词a/an单数可数名词主语谓语 How difficult a problem it is! (2)How主语谓语 How we love our motherland!,三、there be句型 1.There be句型是一种特殊句式，表示“在什么地方存在什么人或 事物”。在此句式中，
5、be是谓语动词，be后面的名词是主语。 There is a tall tree in front of the classroom. There are many desks and chairs in the room. 2.there be句式中的be有时可用seem to be，happen to be，used to be，have to be等替代。 There seems to be something wrong with me. There used to be a cinema here before the war. 3.there be句式中的be可用remain，li
6、ve，stand，lie，exist等不及 物动词替代。 There remains nothing more to be done.,No one knows exactly if there exist other living things in the universe. 4.there be句式有时可用于非谓语动词中，有两种形式：there being和there to be。 There being no further business，I declared the meeting closed. 由于没有其他事情，我宣布散会。 I dont want there to be a
7、nother conflict. 我不希望再有冲突发生。 5.用于组成特殊句式。 (1)there is no use/point/sense(in)doing.“做某事没用或没意义”。 There is no point(in)worrying about it. (2)there is no doubt about./there is no doubt that.“毫无疑 问”。 There is no doubt that she has told the truth.,(3)there is no need for./there is no need to do.“没有必要”。 The
8、re is no need to hurry，is there? (4)there is no doing.“不可能；无法；没有办法”。 There is no knowing how long he might be away. 无法知道他要离开多长时间。 There is no joking about such matters. 这种事不可开玩笑。 四、强调句型 1.强调句型用于强调陈述句。 形式：it is/was被强调部分that/who. It is I who am to blame.应受责备的是我。,2.强调句型用于强调一般疑问句。 形式：is/was it被强调部分that/
9、who.? Was it in 1896 that the modern Olympic Games started? 此时，还可以把强调句型用于宾语从句中，但要注意语序的变 化。 I wonder if it is Professor Wang that teaches you English. 3.强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句。 形式：疑问词is/was it that.? Who was it that broke the window? 打破窗子的是谁？ 此时，强调句型亦可用于宾语从句中，但要注意语序的变化。 I dont understand why it is that smokin
10、g is not allowed here.,4.强调句型用于强调not.until.句型。 形式：it is/was not until被强调部分that. It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed. 5.强调句型与状语从句、定语从句的区别。 判断是否为强调句型，可先把it is/was.that/when/where/since. 去掉，如果剩下的部分无论在语法上还是在意义上都仍然是完 整的句子，那么就是强调句型，否则就不是。 It was on Januray 1st that I paid a visit to my friend
11、Jennifer. (去掉it was.that.后：On January 1st I paid a visit to my friend Jennifer.很明显句子是完整的，所以这是一个强调句型。句意是 “我是在元月一日拜访了朋友詹尼佛。”),It was January 1st when I paid a visit to my friend Jennifer. (去掉it was.when.后：January 1st I paid a visit to my friend Jennifer.显然句子不完整，所以这不是一个强调句型，而是一 个带有时间状语从句的复合句。句意是“那天是元月一
12、日，我去 拜访了朋友詹尼佛。”) 五、倒装句 1.全部倒装 下列情况下，句子要使用全部倒装 (1)表示方位的副词(如up，down，out，in，away，round， here，there)放在句首，句子的谓语动词是表示运动的不及物动 物(如go，come，run，rush，fly)，主语是名词(注：不能是代 词)。,Here comes the train to Beijing. 但主语如果是人称代词，则句子不用倒装，主语仍置于动词之前。 The door opened and in she came. 【注】在全部倒装句中，谓语动词通常用一般现在时或一般过去 时，不能用进行时、将来时或完
13、成时态。 (2)表示时间的副词now，then放在句首，句子的谓语动词是 come，主语是名词(注：不能是代词)。 Now comes your turn. (3)介词短语放在句首作状语，句子的谓语动词是不及物动词(如 lie，stand，sit，exist，stretch，come)或系动词be，主语是名词 (注：不能是代词)。 After the banquet came a firework display in the garden.,(4)代词such放在句首，句子的谓语动词是be。 Such are the facts；no one can deny them. (5)分词短语放在
14、句首，句子的谓语动词是be，主语是名词。 Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 17. 2.部分倒装 下列情况下，句子要使用部分倒装： (1)“only副词、介词短语或从句”放在句首时。 Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (2)含有否定意义的副词(如never，seldom，little，nowhere， hardly等)放在句首时。 Never in history has technology made such rapid pro
15、gress.,(3)“not an.”“not a singlen.”“not once”或“not until.”等短语放 在句首时。 Not a word did he say at the last meeting. (4)表示否定意义的介词短语(如at no time，on no account，under no circumstances，by no means，in no way等)放在句首时。 Under no circumstances could I agree to such a principle. (5)在hardly.when.，no sooner.than.，not
16、 only.but also.引导 两个分句时，如把hardly，no sooner或not only放在句首，前一 个分句中的主谓要用部分倒装，后一个分句中则不用倒装。 Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him. (6)在“so助动词主语”和“neither/nor助动词主语”中。 They love having lots of friends；so do those with disabilities.,I dont know，nor do I care. (7)在“soadj./adv.that.”句式中，如将“soadj./adv.”放在句首 时。 So moved was she that she could not say a word. So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room co
