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1、Bill Buford,Lions and Tigers and Bears,Unit 4,Introduction Language study Text appreciation Extension,Lions and Tigers and Bears,Introduction to Bill Buford,Bill Buford is a staff writer and European correspondent for the New Yorker, where he was previously the fiction editor for eight years. He was
2、 the editor-in-chief for Granta magazine for sixteen years and was also the publisher of Granta Books. He is the author of Among the Thugs. He lives in New York City.,Introduction to Bill Buford,Founding Commissioners of Central Park Central Park Location on Manhattan Map Central Park History Centra
3、l Park,Calvert Vaux,Frederick Law Olmsted,The founding commissioners: the city officials who were appointed to establish Central Park. Commissioners are officials in government, esp. those in charge of departments. The founding commissioners of Central Park were the landscape architects Frederick La
4、w Olmsted and Calvert Vaux. The two designed and oversaw the first-phase construction of the Park which began in 1858 and ended in 1878.,Robert Moses (18881981) was a New York state and municipal official whose ambitious public works projects of the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s transformed the urban lands
5、cape of New York City. He expanded the States park system and built numerous parkways and hundreds of new playgrounds and parks and important highways, bridges and tunnels linking the boroughs of New York City.,Moses preferred recreational facilities to the rural scenery stressed by the English Roma
6、nticists, and an ordered and symmetrical design in French Renaissance style, evident in the southern Central Park. Therefore, under Moses, Central Park gained 19 playgrounds, 12 ball-fields, handball courts, and the skating rink .,II. Central Park Location on Manhattan Map,Central Park,New Yorks gre
7、en rectangle,There are three elements in the architecture of Central Park. English Romanticism is characterized by the picturesque ideal to blend with the natural environment. Central Parks founding commissioners Olmsted and Calvert Vaux were influenced by this tradition. Their ideal was to allow Ne
8、w Yorkers to experience a day in the pastoral country without leaving the island city. Another style is Classicism characterized by formal symmetry and the use of straight lines, evident in the south end of the Park.,III. Central Park History,The Park was pressed for primarily by wealthy merchants a
9、nd landowners. In the first decade after its completion, it was clearly the playground of the wealthy. It was located too far uptown to be within walking distance for the citys working class population.,III. Central Park History,Until the late 19th century, workers comprised but a fraction of the vi
10、sitors to the Park when they launched a successful campaign to have concerts held on Sundays. Saturday afternoon concerts were for middle-class audiences, for the six-day working week precluded attendance by the working class.,III. Central Park History,Indeed the concept of creating the park was ori
11、ginally conceived by wealthy New Yorkers who admired the public grounds of London and Paris. However, with the maturing of the nation and the rise of its power, the pride of Americanism gradually took the upper hand. The author therefore describes the Park proudly as efficient, purposeful and distin
12、ctiveneither romantic nor classical, and neither English nor French, but distinctively American.,III. Central Park History,IV. Central Park,the urban wonders of the world, a green oasis in the great concrete, high-rise landscape of New York City,For most New Yorkers, Central Park is our constant def
13、inition of open space, room to run and the romance of reading under a tree. Free and open to the public, Central Park is our citywide campus and our common backyard. “a garden for all as private Eden”,The Delacorte Theater is the summer home of the New York Shakespeare Festival. Its a place to host
14、classical plays and musicals.,The Delacorte Theater,Para. 3,The open-air theater in Central Park that serves as home to free summertime performances which, during the months of June, July and August, include at least one Shakespeare production. The summertime performance are one of the New York City
15、s most beloved cultural events.,Belvedere Castle,It is now home to the Henry Luce Nature Observatory, where simple displays show how naturalists observe the world.,To the south of Delacorte Theater perched on Visa Rock. As its name suggests, the castle offers visitors a wonderful panoramic viewpoint
16、.,Belvedere is Italian for “beautiful view”.,Shakespeare Garden,Nestled between the Delacorte Theater, Belvedere Castle, and the Swedish Cottage, it is a garden dedicated to Shakespeare in 1916, the 300th anniversary of his death.,Following a Victorian tradition, only flowers mentioned in Shakespeares plays and poetry were planted in the garden. Scattered throughout the garden are bronze plaques with Shakespearean quotations that inspired the planting.,The Rambl
