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1、 全国高校报录比汇总全国高校报录比汇总本篇文章选自 2002 年 Newsweek新闻周刊,原文标题为 Taking ControlA Therapist Teaches Techniques to Help Your Nightmares (控制一位治疗专家教你驾驭噩梦技巧)。文章首先论述了梦对我们情绪的影响。人们普遍认为梦境时潜意识的,不可控制,但本篇文章主要论证了科学家们认为其实梦是可以驾驭并且被加以利用的。全文就长难度角度而言,难度中等。下面就其中 5 个典型的长难句做具体分析:【典型例句 1】:A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutio
2、nary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” - the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep.【例句解析】:本句根据分号可以划分为两小节。分号之前的句子中主干部分是“Freud formu
3、lated his revolutionary theory”,主语 Freud,谓语 formulated,宾语 his revolutionary theory;宾语之后的 that 引导同位语从句修饰 theory,其中从句的结构是主系表;分号之后,“by the late 1970s”是介词 by 引导的时间状语,其后是句子的主干部分,主语neurologists,谓语 had switched to,宾语 thinking of them as just “mental noise”,破折号之后的部分作同位语对宾语解释说明,其中同位语中有 that 引导的定语从句修饰 neural-
4、repair work,that 在定从中作主语。【难点点拨】:formulate:v. 阐述,表述; disguised shadows: 虚幻的影像switch to doing sth: 转而做;random byproducts:随机的副产品【例句释义】:一个世纪前,弗洛伊德阐述了革命性的理论,即梦是人们潜意识中欲望和恐惧的虚幻影像;到了 20 世纪 70 年代末期,神经病学家们转而认为梦是“精神噪音”,即睡眠时进行的神经修复活动时随机产生的副产品。 全国高校报录比汇总全国高校报录比汇总【典型例句 2】:And one leading authority says that these
5、 intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “Its your dream, ” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicagos Medical Center. “If you dont like it, change it. ”【例句解析】:本句可以根据标点符号划分句子结构。第一个逗号之前是整
6、个句子的主干部分,主语 one leading authority,谓语 says,宾语部分是 that 引导的宾语从句;在从句中,主语是“these intensely powerful mental events”,谓语部分由 not only but (also) 连接,第一部分是 can be harnessed,第二部分是(can be)brought;“under conscious control”是介词短语作状语修饰(can be)brought;第一个逗号之后的 to do 不定式作目的状语。第一个引号的句子和第二个引号的句子可以连起来看,中间的部分可以看成插入语,而且对人物
7、身份地位的介绍可以忽略不看。【难点点拨】:leading authority:知名的权威人士;intensely:adv. 极其,非常harness v. 利用,控制;【例句释义】:一位知名的权威人士说,梦这种异常强烈的精神活动不仅能被驾驭,事实上还可以有意识地加以控制,以帮助我们更好地睡眠,感觉舒适。芝加哥医疗中心心理学系主任罗莎琳德卡特莱特说:“梦是你自己的,如果你不喜欢它,可以改变它。”【典型例句 3】:But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”
8、) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet.【例句解析】:此句根据标点符号可以划分为三小节。分号之前的句子中主语 not all parts of the brain,谓语是 are involved,equally 是副词修饰谓语动词;分号之后的句子中,while 前后的句子是对比关系,while 表示“然而,可是”;两个括号里的内容作同位语,分别对两个句子的主语作解释说明。【难点点拨】:involve:v. 参与
9、,涉及;limbic system:脑边缘系统prefrontal cortex:前额叶皮质【例句释义】:但并非大脑的所有部分都会参与到梦境中;虽然脑边缘系统(情绪大脑)异常活跃,可是前额叶皮质(思维和理性大脑)却相对平静。【典型例句 4】:Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated
10、 during the day. 全国高校报录比汇总全国高校报录比汇总【例句解析】:本句根据标点符号可以划分三小节。其中,句子的主干部分是第一个逗号之前,主语 Most people,系动词 seem,表语 to have more bad dreams;“early in the night”作时间状语;“progressing toward happier ones before awakening,”是现在分词作伴随状语;“suggesting thatthe day”是现在分词作结果状语。【难点点拨】: progress toward sth:朝前进,继续;suggest: 表明;wo
11、rk through: 解决,克服【例句释义】: 多数人似乎在晚上入睡的较早阶段做更多不好的梦,而在快睡醒前会逐渐做开心一些的梦,这说明人们在梦里渐渐克服了白天的不良情绪。【典型例句 5】:Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we dont always think about the emotional significance of the days events - until, it appears, we begin to dream.【例句解析】:本句中,句首是 because 引导的原因状语从句:“Beca
12、use our conscious mind is occupied with daily life”;主句是“we dont always think about the emotional significance of the days events”;破折号之后是 until 引导的时间状语从句“until we begin to dream”;主句是“it appears”.【难点点拨】: be occupied with sth: 被占据着;【例句释义】:因为在清醒时我们的头脑被日常琐事占据着,所以我们并不会考虑白天发生的事情的对情绪的影响直到我们开始做梦,这种影响才会出现。总结:本篇文章属于自然科学类话题,内容比较有意思。全文的结构清晰,首先介绍了梦境与情绪的关系,然后作者再引出自己的论点,并用科学新发现来论述自己的观点。文章的难度一般,文中有些词汇需要查阅词典仔细理解;文章的长难句虽然不是很多,但有些简短的句子也需要联系上下文,仔细分析和理解。在阅读这类自然科学类的文章时,可以抱着一颗好奇心,把文章读懂之后,也会有所收获,长知识!