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1、外贸函电,FOREIGN BUSINESS CORRESPONDENCE,Unit 9 Letter of Credit 信用证,9.1 Introduction（简介）,目的：掌握如何申请开立信用证、或对信用证进行修改、延期及相关的回复。 信用证（Letter of Credit）是国际贸易中最常用的支付方式，不仅适用于个别交易，也适用于系列交易。信用证的开证程序始于进口方。进口方通知开证行（Issuing Bank）开立以出口方为受益人（Beneficiary）的信用证。信用证包含进出口双方达成交易的详细内容。信用证开出后，由开证行将信用证寄给出口方所在地的通知行（Notifying Ba
2、nk）。接到信用证后，银行和出口方会对信用证进行审核。根据审核无误的信用证，出口方就可备货装运。装运后，出口方就可以缮制符合信用证要求的单据，再据此向议付行（Negotiation Bank）交单议付，取得货款。,有时，进口方由于某种原因而未能按合同规定的时间开立信用证，这时，出口方应催促进口方迅速办理开证手续（Urging Establishment of L/C），特别是大宗商品或进口方要求特制的商品，更应结合备货情况及时进行催证。 催证信函的写作得讲究技巧，其目的是劝说对方给予紧密合作并履行其义务。如果催证信函措辞不当，就有可能激怒进口方，造成不愉快的后果。因此，除特殊情况外，不应在催证
3、信函的一开始就强烈地指责对方没有履行合同，而应用礼貌的语气告诉对方货已备妥，但是相关的信用证还未开到。如果第一封信没有回音，紧接着，就要写第二封信，此时可向对方表示失望和惊讶。,如果出口方在审证时发现信用证条款存在与合同内容不相符的地方，这时就需要改证。改证要求一般是由出口方提出的。有时，出口方发现信用证条款需要修改也会提出改证要求。 改证的一般程序是先由出口方征得进口方的同意，再由进口方向开证行申请修改信用证。出口方有时会由于某些原因，而不能在信用证规定的装运期内装运，这时出口方必须要求延长信用证的装运期和有效期。无论是信用证修改，还是信用证展期，对应信函的写作都要注意采用礼貌的语气。因为信
4、用证的修改或展期耗时耗费，对进出口双方来说都是烦恼的事情。,9.2 Writing Skills（写作技巧）,催证信函的写作步骤及常见表达方式：,改证或信用证展期信函的写作步骤及常见表达方式：,9.3 Specimen Letters（样函）,Letter 1：Urging establishment of L/C Dear Sirs, Please open a credit1 of GBP30,000 with your correspondents in London in favor of2 the Universal Clothing Co, London, to be availa
5、ble to the Company until July 31 against a shipment of waterproof clothing by S.S. Cathay leaving London for Tokyo on July 24. When the consignment is shipped the Company is to draw on your correspondents at 60 d/s. The documents to accompany the draft are the bill of lading, commercial and consular
6、 invoices and insurance policy. Kindly ask your correspondents to see that the insurance policy gives full cover before they accept the draft. Yours faithfully,Letter 2：Importer notifying L/C arrangement Dear Sirs, Re: Order No.7766 We enclose an order for 2,000 (two thousand) waterproof raincoats a
7、nd have made arrangements with the Bank of Japan, Tokyo, to open a credit in your favor. The credit is valid until July 31 and will be confirmed3 to you by the Banks London office, Gresham Street, EC2P 2EB. Please draw on them at 60 d/s. It is understood that the goods will be shipped by S.S. Cathay
8、, sailing from London on July 24.,Carton containing the goods should be marked S.M. The amount of our credit has been fixed to provide adequate cover for your invoice, which should provide for all charges, including insurance to Tokyo. Please notify us when the goods are shipped. Yours faithfully,Le
9、tter 3：A reply to Letter 2 Dear Sirs, Your order No.7766 of July 1 has now been completed and taken on board the S.S. Cathay which, we are informed, will be sailing tomorrow. Shipping documents, including original invoice, have been passed to the London Branch of the Bank of Japan, upon whom we have
10、 drawn at 60 d/s for the net amount due, namely GBP2 651.44. From the copy invoice enclosed you will notice that we have allowed a special quantity discount of 2.5% and, provided you give us a liberal share of your business, we shall be happy to allow a similar discount on future large orders. We tr
11、ust the consignment will reach you safely and prove satisfactory. Yours faithfully,Letter 4: Urging establishment of L/C Dear Sirs, With reference to the goods under our Sales Confirmation No.5354, we wish to draw your attention to the fact that the date of delivery is approaching, but we have not y
12、et received the covering L/C to date. Please do your utmost to expedite the L/C, so that we may execute the order smoothly. In order to avoid subsequent amendment, please see to it that the L/C stipulations are in exact accordance with the terms in the Confirmation. Hope to hear favorably from you s
13、oon. Yours truly,Letter 5：Seller asking buyer to extend L/C Dear Sirs, Re: Letter of Credit No. AG8432 We have received your Letter of Credit No.AG8432 for the amount of USD2 960 to cover your Order No. 806 for 20 metric tons of mineral fertilizer. The said credit calls for shipment on or before the
14、 31st of December. As the earliest steamer sailing for your port is the S.S. Peace scheduled to leave Shanghai on or about the 3rd of January, it is, therefore, impossible for us to effect shipment at the time you named.,This being the case, we have to ask you to be so kind as to extend the date of
15、shipment to the 15th of January, under cable advice to us. We understand that cable amendment is costly, but this is a matter over which we can exercise no control. Yours faithfully,Letter 6：Buyers refusal of extending L/C （A reply to Letter 5） Dear Sirs, We received your letter of 15th October requ
16、esting us to extend our L/C owing to the fact that you are unable to make shipment within the stipulated time, we shall not be able to fulfill our contract with our clients. Besides, such delay will certainly cause us a lot of unnecessary inconveniences and expenses. We would, therefore, ask you to try your utmost to effect shipment according to the original schedule. In the event of your failing to do so, we will have to ask you to compensate us for any loss arising therefrom. We ar
