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1、TEM-8 (2014) PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)TEXT AMy class at Harvard Business School helps students understand what good management theory is and how it is built. In each session, we look at one company through the lenses of different theories, using them to explain how the company got into
2、its situation and to examine what action will yield the needed results. On the last day of class, I asked my class to turn those theoretical lenses on themselves to find answers to two questions: First, How can I be sure Ill be happy in my career? Second, How can I be sure my relationships with my s
3、pouse and my family will become an enduring source of happiness? Here are some management tools that can be used to help you lead a purposeful life. 1. Use Your Resources Wisely. Your decisions about allocating your personal time, energy, and talent shape your lifes strategy. I have a bunch of “busi
4、nesses” that compete for these resources: Im trying to have a rewarding relationship with my wife, raise great kids, contribute to my community, succeed in my career, and contribute to my church. And I have exactly the same problem that a corporation does. I have a limited amount of time, energy and
5、 talent. How much do I devote to each of these pursuits? Allocation choices can make your life turn out to very different from what you intended. Sometimes thats good: opportunities that you have never planned for emerge. But if you dont invest your resources wisely, the outcome can be bad. As I thi
6、nk about my former classmates who inadvertently invested in lives of hollow unhappiness, I cant help believing that their troubles related right back to a short-term perspective. When people with a high need for achievement have an extra half hour of time or an extra ounce of energy, theyll unconsci
7、ously allocate it to activities that yield the most tangible accomplishments. Our careers provide the most concrete evidence that were moving forward. You ship a product, finish a design, complete a presentation, close a sale teach a class, publish a paper, get paid, get promoted. In contrast, inves
8、ting time and energy in your relationships with your spouse and children typically doesnt offer the same immediate sense of achievement. Kids misbehave every day. Its really not until 20 years down the road that you can say, “I raised a good son or a good daughter.” You can neglect your relationship
9、 with your spouse and on a daily basis it doesnt seem as if thing are deteriorating. People who are driven to excel have this unconscious propensity to under invest in their families and overinvest in their careers, even though intimate and loving family relationships are the most powerful and endur
10、ing source of happiness. If you study the root causes of business disasters, over and over youll find this predisposition toward endeavors that offer immediate gratification. If you look at personal lives through that lens, youll see that same stunning and sobering pattern: people allocating fewer a
11、nd fewer resources to the things they would have once said mattered most. 2. Create A Family Culture. Its one thing to see into the foggy future with a acuity and chart the course corrections a company must make. But its quite another to persuade employees to line up and work cooperatively to take t
12、he company in that new direction. When there is little agreement, you have to use “power tools” coercion, threats, punishments and so on, to secure cooperation. But if employees ways of working together succeed over and over, consensus begins to form. Ultimately, people dont even think about whether
13、 their way yields success. They embrace priorities and follow procedures by instinct and assumption rather than by explicit decision, which means that theyve created a culture. Culture, in compelling but unspoken ways, dictates the proven, acceptable methods by which member s of a group address recu
14、rrent problems. And culture defines the priority given to different types of problems. It can be a powerful management tool. I use this model to address the question, How can I be my family becomes an enduring source of happiness? My students quickly see that the simplest way parents can elicit coop
15、eration from children is to wield power tools. But there comes a point during the teen years when power tools no longer work. At that point, parents start wishing they had begun working with their children at a very young age to build a culture in which children instinctively behave respectfully tow
16、ard one another, obey their parents, and choose the right thing to do. Families have cultures, just a companies do. Those cultures can be built consciously. If you want your kids to have strong self-esteem and the confidence that they can solve hard problems, those qualities wont magically materialize in high school. You have to design them into familys culture and you have think about this very ear
