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1、5.3 冲击高电压试验 5.3 Impact of high voltage test,5.3.1 冲击高电压的产生 5.3.1 Producing Impact of high voltage 5.3.2 冲击高电压的测量 5.3.2 Measurement of Impact of high voltage 5.3.3 绝缘的冲击耐压试验 5.3.3 Insulative withstanding test of impact voltage,5.3.1冲击高电压的产生 5.3.1Producing Impact of high voltage,冲击发生器的基本原理 The basic p
2、rinciple of the impact of generator,冲击电压发生器的原理图如图5-22所示。 Impulse Voltage Generator schematic diagram shown in Figure 5-22.,图5-22 冲击电压发生器原理图 Figure 5-22 Impulse Voltage Generator schematic diagram,2.基本回路 Basic circuit 标准雷电冲击全波采用的是非周期性双指数波。 Standard full-wave lightning impulse is the non-cyclical use
3、of double exponential wave. 波尾时间常数 Time constant of wave tail 波前时间常数 Time constant of wave-front,图5-23 (a) 双指数函数冲击电压波 Fig 5-23(a) Double exponential function impact voltage,波尾， Wave tail,波前， Wave-front,图5-24 (a)可获得冲击电压波前的回路 (b)可获得冲击电压波尾的回路 Fig 5-24(a)Wave front got circuit (b)Wave tail got circuit,实
4、际冲击电压发生器采用图5-26的回路。 The actual impulse voltage generator using Figure 5-26 loop. 图5-26 冲击电压发声器常用回路 Fig 5-26 Common circuit of impact voltage generator 放电回路的利用系数 The utilization coefficient of discharging circuit,3.多级冲击电压发生器 Multi-stage impulse voltage generator 单级冲击电压发生器想获得几百千伏以上的冲击电压是有困难的，也是不经济的。 I
5、t is hard for single-stage impulse voltage generator to get more than hundreds kilovolts of impulse voltage, also economical.,因而采用多级叠加的方法来产生波形和幅值都能满足需要的冲击高电压波。 And therefore the waveform and amplitude generated by multi-level superposition method is able to meet the needs of both the impact of high-
6、voltage waves.,多级冲击电压发生器原理接线图: Principle diagram of multi-stage impulse voltage generator wiring,图5-27 多级冲击电压发生器的原理接线图 Fig 5-27 Wire connection diagram of multi-stage impulse voltage generator,基本原理:并联充电，串联放电 Basic principles: Parallel charge, series-discharge (1) 充电过程 Process of charging (2) 放电过程 Pr
7、ocess of discharging,图5-28 冲击电压发生器充电过程等值电路 Fig 5-28 Equivalent charge circuit of impact voltage generator,图5-29 冲击电压发生器放电过程等值电路 Fig 5-29 Equivalent discharge circuit of impact voltage generator,冲击电压发生器的起动方式： Start Modes of Impulse Voltage Generator 方式一：自起动方式。只要将点火球隙F1的极间距离调节到使其击穿电压等于所需的充电电压 ，当F1上的电压
8、上升到等于 时，F1即自行击穿，起动整套装置。 Mode 1: Self-Start Mode. As long as the point fireball gap distance between the extreme F1 regulated to its breakdown voltage is equal to the required charging voltage , the F1 is equal to the voltage up to , F1 is self-breakdown, starting the entire package.,方式二：使各级电容器充电到一个略
9、低于F1击穿电压的水平上，处于准备动作的状态，然后利用点火装置产生一点火脉冲，送到点火球隙F1中的一个辅助间隙上使之击穿并引起F1的主间隙击穿,起动整套装置。 Mode 2: To make all levels of capacitor charge to a slightly lower than the F1 breakdown voltage level, at the state of preparations for action. Then use a little bit of fire ignition pulses sent to the point of F1 in a
10、fireball gap on the secondary gap so that F1 breakdown and cause the main gap breakdown, starting the entire package.,5.3.2 冲击高电压的测量 5.3.2 Measurement of impact of high voltage,目前最常用的测量冲击电压的方法有： The most commonly used methods of measuring the impact of voltage are: 分压器-示波器；Divider-Oscillograph 测量球隙；
11、Ball-gap measurement 分压器-峰值电压表。Divider-Peak voltmeter,球隙和峰值电压表只能测量电压峰值，示波器则能记录波序，即不仅指示峰值而且能显示电压随时间的变化过程。 Ball gap and peak voltage meter can only measure voltage peaks, the oscilloscope is able to record pulse sequence, that is not only directed but also to show the peak voltage of the process of ch
12、ange over time.,分压器与数字记录仪（示波器） Divider and digital recorder (Oscillograph),由于可同时测定波形和峰值，所以在测量中被广泛使用。由于数字记录仪的输入电压一般小于数百伏，所以常和分压器一起构成冲击电压测量系统来进行测量，如图5-30所示。 As the simultaneous determination of the waveform and peak, it is widely used in the measurement. As the digital recorder to the input voltage is
13、 typically less than several hundred volts, so often, and voltage divider together constitute the impulse voltage measurement systems to be measured, as shown in Figure 5-30.,图5-30 冲击电压测量系统 Fig 5-30 Measurement system of impact voltage,2. 标准球间隙 Standard ball-gap,多级法 Multi-level method 以预期的50%放电电压的23
14、%作为电压级差，对被测试品分级施加冲击电压，每级施加电压10次，至少要加4级电压。 With the expected 50% of the discharge voltage of 2 3% as a voltage differential on the graded materials have been applied impulse voltage test, the applied voltage for each level 10 times, plus at least four voltage.,要求在最低一级电压时的放电次数近于零，而在最高一级电压时，近于全部放电。 Req
15、uirements at the lowest level of voltage of the discharge frequency was close to zero, while at the highest level of voltage, the near full discharge.,求出每级电压下的放电次数与施加次数之比P（即放电频率）后，将其按电压值标于正态概率纸上，给出拟合直线P=f(U) ，在此直线上对应于概率P=0.5的电压值即为50%放电电压。 Find each level of the discharge voltage ratio of the number
16、and frequency of applied P (discharge frequency), the voltage value of its standard in accordance with normal probability paper, fitting a straight line gives P = f (U), in this line on the probability of P = 0.5 corresponds to the voltage value shall be 50% of the discharge voltage.,(2) 升降法 Lifting Method 估计50%放电电压的预期值后，取Ui的2%3%为电压增量U，先施加冲击电压Ui一次，如未引起放电，则下次施加电压应为UiU。 It is estimated that 50% of the discharge voltage of the expected value, taking
