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1、,Unit 21 Text The Hardware/Software Interface,New Words and Expressions,spreadsheet 5spred5Fi:t n. 电子制表(格) scene si:n n. 现场 gap gAp n. 缺口, 间隙 considerable kEn5sidErEb(E)l adj. 相当大(多)的 console 5kRnsEul n. 控制台 assembler E5semblE n. 汇编程序 compiler kEm5pailE n. 编译程序, 编辑者 substantial sEb5stAnF(E)l adj. 坚固
2、的, 实质的 batch bAtF v. 分批处理 n. 成批,sequence 5si:kwEns v. 排程序 n. 定序 resident 5rezidEnt n. 驻留的, 常驻的 monitor 5mRnitE n. 监视器 v. 监控 utilization 9ju:tilai5zeiFEn n. 利用，应用 buffer bQf v. 缓冲, 减轻 n. 缓冲器 overlap EuvE5lAp v. 重叠, 并行 multiprogramming 9mQlti5prEurAmiN n. 多路编程multiprocessor 9mQlti5prEusesE n. 多处理器 lay
3、 out 划定； 设计；花费 improved on /upon 在做出改进 back and forth 来来往往地, 来回地,Technical Terms,the loading process 加载过程 the front console 控制台 set-up time 启动时间 a resident monitor 驻留监督程序 off-line operation 脱机操作 a pool of jobs 作业池 a time sharing 分时 real-time system 实时系统,Notes,1. For example, suppose an application p
4、rogram is stored on disk before the program can be executed, it must be copied into main memory first, because the program that controls a computer must be in main memory. 例如，假设应用程序存储在磁盘上，它在被执行前，必须复制到主存储器中，因为控制计算机的程序必须要在主存储器中。 句中 suppose 是动词，后跟宾语从句, 意为“假定, 假如”。 2. Thus, if the application program is
5、 to be loaded, there must be a program in memory to control the loading process. 因此，如果要装入应用程序，必须在主存中有一个控制加载过程的程序。 句中 is to be loaded 是 “be + 不定式” 的结构, 用来表示按计划或安排要发生的事或打算做的事（接近 be going to）, 意为“将要，打算”。例如： She is to meet John at an agreed place on the street. 她打算在街上一个大家说好的地方与约翰见面。,3. Batch systems all
6、owed automatic job sequencing by a resident monitor and improved the overall utilization of the computer greatly. 批处理系统通过一个驻留内存的监控程序使得作业自动排列，同时也大大提高了计算机的整机利用率。 句中 sequencing by 是现在分词短语,用做宾语的补足语。the overall utilization of the computer 译为：整机利用率。 Job 在本文多次出现, 译为：作业(工件)，意指由用户定义让计算机去完成的一种工作单位，可以包括一组计算机程序
7、、一组文件及一些给操作系统下达命令的控制语句。 4. CPU utilization was still low, however, because of the slow speed of the I/O devices relative to the CPU. 由于I/O设备的速度相对于CPU仍然很低，因此CPU的利用率仍很低。 句中 relative to 是形容词短语，用作定语，修饰I/O devices；relative to 意为：相对于, 与有关的。,5. the CPU is switched back and forth between them in order to in
8、crease CPU utilization and to decrease the total real time needed to execute a job. CPU 在它们之间来回服务，以便提高CPU的利用率，减少执行一个作业实际所需的总时间。 句中 the total real time needed to execute a job 意为：执行一个作业实际所需的总时间。needed 过去分词短语作定语，修饰 time。Switch 此处意为：转换(换向)。,Exercises I. Try to match the following columns: 1. serve as 批
9、处理系统 2. supporting function 控制台 3. the source of a computers logic 执行一个作业 4. batch system 用作 5. the loading process 多道程序设计 6. the front console 支持功能 7. multiprogramming 加载过程 8. execute a job 计算机逻辑源,1. 用作 2. 支持功能 3. 计算机逻辑源 4. 批处理系统 5. 加载过程程序 6. 控制台 7. 多道程序设计 8. 执行一个作业,II. Choose the one that best com
10、pletes each of the following statements according to the text : 1. The _ serves as a hardware/software interface. A. system B. control unit C. application program D. operating system 2. A program written to perform an end-user task such as a payroll program or a computer game is called _. A. softwar
11、e B. hardware C. system program D. application program 3. The source of a computers logic is _. A. hardware B. data C. software D. the user 4. If the application program is to be loaded, there must be a program in memory to control _. A. the operation system B. the loading process C. supporting func
12、tions D. main memory,D,D,C,B,5. To reduce the set-up time, operators were hired to _ similar jobs together. A. supply B. accumulate data C. batch D. be processed. 6. Because of the slow speed of the I/O devices relative to the CPU, we try_ of slow devices. A. off-line operation B. on-line operation
13、C. set-time D. operating system 7. Buffering was another approach to improving system performance. Here “performance” means _. A. the achievement B. the ability C. performing D. action,C,A,B,8. Spooling also provides a pool of _. A. programs B. works C. process D. jobs 9. In order to increase CPU ut
14、ilization, we use the _ to switch back and forth between multiprogrammings. A. mouse B. disk C. CPU D. assemblers 10. _ operating systems allow many users to use a computer system interactively at the same time. A. Time-shared B. Time sharing C. Multiprogrammings D. Operating system,D,C,A,B. Reading New Words and Expressions,viewer 5vju:E n. 浏览器,阅读器 accomplish E5kCmpliF v. 完成；实现 margin 5mB:dVin n. 页边的空白 erase i5reiz
