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1、M2U1 Grammar and usagePresent perfect tense & Present perfect continuous tense一、 现在完成时1、 构成have/has done2、用法I表示过去发生的事对现在具有影响。1） Justin has disappeared, so Kelly is very sad.2） The boy is happy. He has caught a bird.II表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在或者还将持续下去。1）I have not seen Justin since Last Friday night.2) Daniel
2、 has lived in Beijing since he came to China. III表示动作的确切时间不明确或不重要。此时下列词汇经常和现在完成时连用：already, ever, never, for, just, lately/ recently, since, yet。1） The boy has already come home.2） I havent heard anything from him yet.其中，for + 一段时间，since + 某个时间点。e.g. We havent seen him for two days. We havent seen h
3、im since last Monday.IV表示到现在为止的一段时间内重复的动作。1） Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times.2） I have advised him to give up smoking many times, but he just wont listen to me.V现在完成时还可用于下列句型中：This/It is the best/ finest/ most interesting + that- clause, This/It is the first/ second time + tha
4、t- clause, that 从句中的谓语动词一般用现在完成时。It is/ has been a period of time since + 一般过去时1） This is the best book that I have read.2） It is the first time that I have seen the film.3） It is/ has been a long time since I came to Wuxi.3、注意1）现在完成时不和明确的表示时间的词连用，如yesterday, last week, in 1976等。2）表示短暂意义的动词，如begin,
5、leave, arrive, return, stop, open, go, come, die等，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。* Read the following sentences and say T or F .(1) He has come to Beijing since last year. F(2) He has been here for three years. T(3) He has joined the army for three years F(4) He has been a solider for 3 years. T(5) It is 3 years si
6、nce he joined the army. T(6) He has joined the army. T二、 现在完成进行时1、 构成have/has been doinge.g. I havent been sleeping well since I returned home.2、用法表示动作从过去开始一直延续到现在，可能刚刚停止，也可能仍然在进行。1）- Sorry, Im late. Have you been waiting long? - Yes. Ihave been waiting (wait) for an hour.2) She is very tired. She h
7、as been working (work) all morning.3) The man started working in the field half an hour ago. He is still working now. The man has been working (work) in the field for half an hour.4) The boy started having dinner five minutes ago. He is still having dinner now.The boy has been having (have) dinner s
8、ince five minutes ago.3、注意现在完成进行时多用持续性动词，如do, live, learn, lie, stay, wait, stand, study等，常和all the time, this week, this month, all night, all the morning, recently等表示现在之前这一段时间的状语以及since和 for引导的时间状语或从句连用。e.g. He has been watching television all day. I have been learning English for three years. She
9、s been playing tennis since she was eight. This whole week, he has been training some new employees. He has been smoking too much recently. 三、 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的比较1、现在完成时表示到现在为止已经完成的动作，强调结果；而现在完成进行时强调动作的持续性，强调“一直”，往往表示动作仍未结束。I have been reading this novel. 我一直在读这本小说。（书不一定看完）I have read two novels. 我已读过两
10、本小说。（动作已完成）I have been writing letters. 我一直都在写信。I have written three letters. 我已经写完三封信了。2、有些动词如study, work, live用两种时态都可以，意思差别不大。I have lived here since 1990. / I have been living here since 1990.They have studied the problem for quite some time. / They have been studying the problem for quite some t
11、ime.3、有些动词动词本身表示一种持续的状态，一般不用现在完成进行时，如be, know, love, remember, understand, see, like, last。Ive known him for many years.They have not seen each other for a long time.The war has lasted for a long time.动词填空1. How long _ you _ (do) this work? (have, been waiting)2. There you are. I _ (wait) for an hou
12、r. (have been waiting)3. Why are your clothes so dirty? What _ you _ (do)? (have, done)4. There _ (be) two world wars in the past hundred years. (have, been)5. He _ never _ (drive) a car before. (has, driven)6. We _ (marry) for three years. (have been married)7. - _ you _ (find) your dog? (Have, fou
13、nd)- No.8. I _ (not see) Lucy since last Friday night. (havent seen)9. We _ (fish) all afternoon, but we _ (not catch) any fish yet. (have been fishing; havent caught)10. This is the most interesting film I _ (see). (have seen)巩固练习1. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _B_ going back to school, but she
14、 hasnt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider2. The crazy fans _B_ patiently for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived. A. were waiting B. had been waiting C had waited D. would wait.3. The coffee is wonderful! It doesnt tast
15、e like anything I _C_ before.A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had4. Listen to the two girls by the window. What language _C_ ?A. did they speak B. were they speaking C. are they speaking D. have they been speaking5. He _D_ more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at
