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1、UNIDIR/2013/3The Cyber IndexInternational Security Trends and RealitiesUNIDIRUnited Nations Institute for Disarmament ResearchGeneva, SwitzerlandNew York and Geneva, 2013NOTEThe designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion
2、whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.* *The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the indi
3、vidual authors. They do not necessarily reflect the views or opinions of the United Nations, UNIDIR, its staff members or sponsors.UNIDIR/2013/3Copyright United Nations, 2013All rights reservedUNITED NATIONS PUBLICATIONSThe United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR)an autonomous inst
4、itute within the United Nationsconducts research on disarmament and security. UNIDIR is based in Geneva, Switzerland, the centre for bilateral and multilateral disarmament and non-proliferation negotiations, and home of the Conference on Disarmament. The Institute explores current issues pertaining
5、to the variety of existing and future armaments, as well as global diplomacy and local tensions and conflicts. Working with researchers, diplomats, government officials, NGOs and other institutions since 1980, UNIDIR acts as a bridge between the research community and governments. UNIDIRs activities
6、 are funded by contributions from governments and donor foundations.www.unidir.orgvCONTENTSAcknowledgements . viiAbout the authors . viiiForeword . ixIntroduction . 1PART I Chapter 1: Cybersecurity and cyberwarfare:assessment of national doctrine and organizationJames Andrew Lewis . 9States with mil
7、itary doctrine, policies, or organizations . 9States with civilian policies and organizationsfor cybersecurity . 55Chapter 2: Assessment of international andregional organizations and activitiesGtz Neuneck . 91Role of international organizations . 93United Nations . 93International Telecommunication
8、 Union . 96Internet governance organizations . 97Convention on Cybercrime . 98Group of Eight . 99Key international conferences . 100Regional organizations . 101Organization of American States . 101Organization for Security Co-operation in Europe . 102European Union . 103viShanghai Cooperation Organi
9、zation . 105ASEAN Regional Forum . 106North Atlantic Treaty Organization . 107PART II Transparency and confidence-building measures: applicability to the cybersphere?Gtz Neuneck . 113Chapter 1: Civilian and military cyberthreats:shifting identities and attributionGtz Neuneck . 115States as actors: p
10、reparing for cyberwar? . 116Chapter 2: Types of confidence-building measuresGtz Neuneck . 121Classical confidence-building in the military andnon-military domains . 122Confidence- and security-building measures . 125Confidence- and security-building categories in Europe . 126Confidence- and security-building categoriesoutside Europe . 128Non-military CBMsA wider approach . 129Transparency and confidence-building for cyber andouter space activities . 130Chapter 3: Towards TCBMs in the cybersphereGtz Neuneck .
