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1、Period TwoLearning about Language 现在分词(v.ing)作状语ving形式或 ving短语作状语往往修饰谓语动词表示的动作，相当于相应的状语从句或并列句。1表示时间，作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。Walking along the street，I met my old classmate.(While I was walking along the street，I met my old classmate.)我在街上走的时候碰到了老同学。Turning on the light(When he turned on the light)，he was su
2、rprised to see his son lying on the floor.他打开灯，惊讶地看见儿子躺在地上。Entering the office(As soon as I entered the office)，I picked up the telephone and called Bob.我一走进办公室，就拿起听筒给鲍勃打电话。when/while动词的ing形式强调其表示的动作和谓语动词动作同时发生。Look out for cars when(you are) crossing the street.过街时注意车辆。Dont reach sideways while(you
3、 are) standing on a ladder.站在梯子上时，不要侧着身子伸手去拿东西。2表示原因，作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。Being too young(As he was too young)，he couldnt join the army.因为太年幼，他不能参军。Not knowing how to get there(As I did not know how to get there)，I had to ask the way.因为不知道如何到那里，我只得问路。3表示条件，作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。Driving too fast(If you drive to
4、o fast)，you will damage the car.如果你开车太快，你会把车子弄坏的。Having more time(If I have more time)，I will do the work much better.如果我有更多时间，我会把工作做得更好。注意：表示条件时主要句子中的谓语动词往往用将来时或带有情态动词。4表示伴随状况或行为方式，这种用法没有相应的状语从句可以代替，但可以用并列复合句或两个简单句代替。Thousands of students stood there，watching.(Thousands of students stood there and
5、watched.)成千上万的学生站在那儿观看着。(习惯上stand，sit，lie等表示主要行为须作谓语动词。应说stand watching，sit thinking，lie reading等，不宜说watch standing，think sitting，read lying等)They came into the classroom，singing and laughing.(They sang and laughed，and came into the classroom.)他们又唱又笑地走进教室。5表示结果，作结果状语，没有相应的状语从句代替。The child fell，strik
6、ing his head against the door and cutting it.小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰破了。注意：(1)当v.ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子主语。如果v.ing短语的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，即为错句。Standing on the top of the mountain，I found the houses below looked like tiny toys.当我站在山顶上时，我觉得下面的房子就像小玩具一样。(When I stood on the top of the mountain，I found the houses below looked
7、like tiny toys.不可以说：Standing on the top of the mountain，the houses below looked like tiny toys.)(2)有时动词的ing形式或动词的ing短语有自己的逻辑主语，它们之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，称之为独立主格结构。Class being over，the children could play football.下课了，孩子们可以踢足球了。(句子主语为the children，ing形式逻辑主语class，相当于：When class was over，the children could play foo
8、tball.)(3)v.ing短语在句中作插入语，对全句作解释，此时不存在其逻辑主语必须和句子主语一致的问题。Generally speaking，newspapers follow the American way.一般地说，报纸采用美国英语的拼法。Frankly speaking，I dont enjoy the performance.坦率地说，我并不喜欢这场演出。Precisely speaking，they will arrive at 920 pm.准确地说，他们将于下午九点二十分到达。(4)v.ing形式的否定式not doing/not having doneNot knowi
9、ng Toms telephone number，Mary was very anxious.不知道汤姆的电话号码，玛丽很着急。Not having finished my shopping，I couldnt go home.还没买完东西，我不能回家。(5)v.ing的完成式having done表示分词所表示的动作先发生Having lived in the city for ten years，he got tired of the noisy life.在城市里住了十年后，他厌倦了这种喧闹的生活。.单项填空1What are you reading，Tom?Im not really
10、reading，just _ the pages.Aturning off Bturning aroundCturning over Dturning up答案C解析本题考查turn构成的动词短语。第二句句意为：我没在真正看书，我只是在翻书。turn over“翻过一页书(纸)”，符合句意。turn off“关闭”；turn around“完成；提供；生产出”；turn up“调大；出现；发生”。2_that she was going off to sleep, I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed.ASeeing BTo see
11、CSee DSeen答案A解析see这一动作由句子的主语“I”发出，故空格处须用现在分词。3It is worth considering what makes“convenience” foods so popular, and_better ones of your own.Aintroduces Bto introduceCintroducing Dintroduced答案C解析句意为：值得考虑一下什么使得“方便”食品这么受人欢迎，并且介绍一下你自己比较喜欢的那些“食品”。and连接consider与introduce，故introduce也要用v.ing形式作为worth的宾语使用。4
12、If we have illegal immigrants_in，many local workers will lose their jobs. Acome BcomingCto come Dhaving come答案B解析句意为：如果我们让非法移民不断涌入，许多当地的工人就会失业。have sb./sth.doing“让一直干”，其余均不合题意。5Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes，I did.You know，my brother_in the match.Ais playing Bwas playingChas played
13、 Dhad played答案B解析句意为：你昨天看篮球赛了吗？看了。你要知道，我的弟弟在那场比赛中上场打球。故此处应该用过去进行时态。6Are you happy with your new computer?No，it is_me a lot of trouble.Ashowing Bleaving Cgiving Dsparing答案C解析give sb.a lot of trouble给某人带来很多麻烦；leave sb.a lot of trouble给某人留下很多麻烦。7_in the fields on a March afternoon，he could feel the war
14、mth of spring.ATo walk BWalking CWalked DHaving walked答案B解析句意为：三月的一天下午在田地里走时，他能感觉到春天的温暖。此处应该用现在分词作伴随状语，表示walk与feel是伴随发生的动作。8I called Hannah many times yesterday evening，but I couldnt get through.Her brother _ on the phone all the time!Awas talking Bhas been talkingChas talked Dtalked答案A解析句意为：昨天晚上我给汉
15、娜打过很多次电话，就是打不通。她的哥哥一直在电话上说个不停。此处用过去进行时态表示过去某一时间段内一直在进行的动作。9Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried _ alone，but she didnt like it and moved back home.Aliving Bto liveCto be living Dhaving lived答案A解析句意为：苏姗不想依赖父母。她试着一个人生活，但不喜欢这样，又搬回家去了。try doing sth.“试着做某事”；try to do sth.“尽力去做某事”。10The telephone_，but by the time I got indoors，it stopped.
