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1、The Attributive Clause定语从句：在英语复合句中，由关联 词引导，修饰句中的名词、代词，有时也修饰主句的一部份或整个句子的从句称为定语从句。它分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的那个词称为先行词。 关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose,as（在句中充当成分，可作主语，宾语，表语，定语）引导词 关系副词：when, where, why，在句中只作状语。e.g. She is an English teacher who likes singing songs. 先行词 定语从句 引导词（从句中做主语）关系词的作用：1.引
2、导定语从句；2. 代替先行词；3. 在从句中担当一个成分e.g. This is the best film that I have seen. 关系代词(1)who, whom引导的定语从句who指人作主语/宾语（可省略）介词在前不可使用whom 指人宾语（可省略）介词后不可省略a. Whats the name of the girl who just came in?b. Do you know the student to whom Jane is talking?(不能用who)(2)that 引导的定语从句that 人或物主语宾语表语不引导非限制性定语从句，不位于介词后。a. He
3、re is the money that/which will be given to you.b. Do you like the book (that/which) you borrowed yesterday?c. He is no longer the boy that he used to be.(3).which引导的定语从句which指物主语或宾语（可省略)在介词后不可省略a. The building which /that stands near the river is our school.b. The room in which there are a lot of b
4、ooks is a reading room.(4)whose引导的定语从句whose是关系代词who与which的所有格形式，用作名词的限定语， whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语。Have you seen a dictionary whose cover is blue?(the cover of which is blue)?whose经常后接名词，这结构可以用the+名词of+whom/which来替换，意义不变。也就是说，表示所属关系, whose + n. = of which/ whom + the + n. = the + n. + of which/ whome.g. H
5、e is an whose daughter studies abroad.excellent teacher, the daughter of whom studies abroad. 【练习】1. There are in this class 20 students, _ are different.A. whose backgrounds B. the backgrounds of whomC. of whom the backgrounds D. the backgrounds of whose2. They live in a house, whose door faces sou
6、th.=_They live in a house,_=_They live in a house,_(5)非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数词/代词 + of + 关系代词”的结构，如：e.g. There are 60 students in our class, two thirds of whom have been to Beijing【练习】1. The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of _ are women.2. The book contains 50 poems, most of _ was written in
7、 1930s.3. There are two left, one of _ is almost finished, and the other of _ is not quite. 4. I have a sentence, the meaning of _ I dont understand. =_ I dont understand.【总结】名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom 表示：1）所有关系 2)整体与部分关系【注意】关系代词引导定语从句时，要注意几点：1. whom, which作介词宾语时，介词一般可以放在它们的前面，也可以放在从句原来的位置上，但是含有介词的动词固
8、定词组中，介词应该放在原来的位置上。 There is a room in which you can study.which you can study in.Rose is the student after whom you should look. /of whom you should take care. Rose is the student whom you should look after/take care of. 2. 只用that不用which的情况：1).当先行词是不定代词时，如：all, everything, anything, nothing, much, f
9、ew, little, none, the one等。All that can be done has been done.2).先行词前有few, little, no, all, every等词修饰时。There is no difficulty that we cant overcome.3)先行词被the only, the very, the right, just the, one of 等修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.This is one of the toys that interest the boy.4).先行
10、词被序数词first, last, 等或形容词的最高级修饰时。This is the first/best letter that Ive written in English.5).当先行词既有人又有物时。They talked about the teachers and the schools (that) they had visited.6).当关系词在从句中作表语时。China isnt the country that she used to be 50 years ago.7)当主句是 以who, which, 或what开头的特殊疑问句时。Who is the man tha
11、t is waiting at the bus stop?What did you hear that made you so angry？Which is the book that you need?8)there be 句型中,先行词指物时。There is a seat in the corner that is still free.只用which不用that的情况1)引导非限制性定语从句。His money was stolen by a thief, which made him very sad.2).当关系代词前有介词。This is the factory in which
12、 my mother works.3).当先行词本身是that时。Whats that which flashed in the sky just now. 4).当关系词后有插入语时This is the dictionary which, as I have told you, is helpful for you.5).为避免重复The book that I gave you just now is about computer science which is very important.只用who不用that 的情况1)当先行词是one ,ones,anyone,those或pe
13、ople时Anyone who breaks the rule must be punished.God help those who help themselves.2)当先行词是I, he, they,you等时(常用于谚语中)v He who plays with fire gets burned.v I, who am your friend, will give you a hand when you are in trouble.3)在there be结构中，先行词指人时。There is a stranger who wants to see our manager.4)在非限制
14、性定语从句中Fangfang, who is a writer , now lives in America.5)为避免重复或怕引起歧义.The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shanghai.注意：关系代词who,which, that,在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须必须和先行词保持一致。v Anyone who _is_ over 20 can join the army.v I ,who _am_ your friend , will help you.【练习】1. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written2. She is the only one of the girls _ well in class. A. which sings
