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1、,BGP公网常见问题,Page 2,BGP邻居异常的定位思路,Page 3,BGP邻居无法建立常见问题,BGP邻居未使能/未配置 没有配置connect-interface 本地被shutdown 邻居未协商 路由问题 MD5认证/TTL错误 EBGP邻居没有ebgp-max-hop,Page 4,BGP有限状态机-Connect,Page 5,Q1：BGP邻居无法建立的可能原因,bgp 12479 router-id 10.34.0.12 group LEVEL1_IPV4 external peer LEVEL1_IPV4 ignore /邻居被shutdown peer LEVEL1_I
2、PV4 connect-interface LoopBack0 /没有配置connect-interface peer LEVEL1_IPV4 valid-ttl-hops 2 /valid-ttl-hop设置错误或未使能eBGP-max-hop peer LEVEL1_IPV4 password cipher 8*$OV“C1P$UV=;MD4A! /MD5密码不一致 peer 193.149.1.192 as-number 12478 peer 193.149.1.192 group LEVEL1_IPV4 # ipv4-family unicast undo synchronizatio
3、n peer LEVEL1_IPV4 enable undo peer 193.149.1.192 enable /BGP邻居未使能 peer 193.149.1.192 group LEVEL1_IPV4,Page 6,Q2:本地被shutdown,RT1-bgpdisplay bgp peer BGP local router ID : 10.34.0.12 Local AS number : 12479 Total number of peers : 1 Peers in established state : 0 Peer V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent OutQ Up/Do
4、wn State PrefRcv 193.149.1.192 4 12478 0 0 0 00:03:17 Idle(Admin) 0 RT1-bgp,邻居被shutdown,Page 7,Q3:邻居未协商,RT1-bgp display bgp peer /本地未在IPv4单播上使能 RT1-bgp RT1-bgp display bgp vpnv4 all peer BGP local router ID : 10.34.0.12 Local AS number : 12479 Total number of peers : 1 Peers in established state : 0
5、 Peer V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent OutQ Up/Down State PrefRcv 193.149.1.192 4 12478 0 0 0 00:03:17 Established 0 RT1-bgp display bgp l2vpn peer BGP local router ID : 10.34.0.12 Local AS number : 12479 Total number of peers : 1 Peers in established state : 0 Peer V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent OutQ Up/Down State PrefR
6、cv 193.149.1.192 4 12478 0 0 0 00:03:17 No neg 0,本地配置了该地址族，但邻居未使能,Page 8,Q4:路由问题,RT1 display ip routing-table 193.149.1.192 /没有IGP路由 RT1 RT1 display current-configuration interface LoopBack 0 # interface LoopBack0 ip address 193.149.1.191 255.255.255.255 # return RT1 ping -a 193.149.1.191 193.149.1.
7、192 /带源地址ping不通邻居 PING 193.149.1.192: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out Request time out,Page 9,Q5:MD5认证/TTL错误, dis tcp status remote-ip 193.149.1.192 TCPCB Tid/Soid Local Add:port Foreign Add:port VPNID State 6ebdab10 135/214 0.0.0.0:179 193.149.1.192:0 0 Listening * dis tcp sta
8、tus remote-ip 193.149.1.192 TCPCB Tid/Soid Local Add:port Foreign Add:port VPNID State 6ebdab10 135/214 0.0.0.0:179 193.149.1.192:0 0 Listening * 55419288 135/17 193.149.1.140:50731 193.149.1.192:179 0 Syn_Sent *,MD5认证,TCP三次握手无法建立,Page 10,判断BGP邻居中断原因,RT1display bgp peer 202.112.146.100 log-info Peer
9、 : 202.112.146.100 Date Time State Error Notification 2011/09/21 14:09:51 UTC-08:00 Down 4/0 Send Notification 2011/09/21 14:04:57 UTC-08:00 Up RT1,日志： Sep 14 2011 20:50:34 JSXZH-MC-CMNET-RT01-XAL_NE40E %01BGP/6/SEND_NOTIFY(l): The router sent a NOTIFICATION message to peer 211.138.205.2. (ErrorCode
10、=4, SubErrorCode=0, BgpAddressFamily=Public, ErrorData=NULL),邻居发的报文未收到，本地感知错误，通知邻居,断连时间、原因等,Page 11,BGP五种报文类型,Open：能力协商（你好？ ） Update：路由更新/撤销（保活、增量更新） KeepAlive：保活，19字节，华为缺省60秒；1/3个 Hodtimer； Refresh ：路由全部重发 Notification：邻居断连,Page 12,Page 13,BGP报文格式-Notification错误码1,Page 14,BGP报文格式-Notification错误码2,这
11、两类最常见,Page 15,BGP状态机故障终极方法-debug,Page 16,BGP邻居关系常用命令行总结,display current-configuration configuration bgp /配置问题占绝大部分 display bgp peer verbose /有verbose就尽量用 display bgp vpnv4 all peer display bgp peer x.x.x.x log-info ping a x.x.x.x x.x.x.x / ping x.x.x.x display tcp status remote-ip x.x.x.x,Page 17,BG
12、P公网流量中断的定位思路,Page 18,BGP公网路由常见问题,BGP路由没收到，在BGP路由表中看不到； BGP路由收到，在BGP路由表中能看到但因下一跳不活跃(valid)； BGP路由收到，在BGP路由表中活跃，但是在IP路由表中看不到；,Page 19,Q1：BGP路由没收到？,display bgp rou 62.97.128.0 19 检查配置 1、相应的BGP邻居是否Established状态？ display bgp peer 2、相应的BGP邻居是否发送了此路由？ 3、查看的路由掩码是否错误？ display bgp routing-table x.x.x.x x.x.x.
13、x 4、检查对应地址族下的入口filter是否被deny？ peer x.x.x.x route-policy * import peer x.x.x.x ip-prefix * import peer x.x.x.x as-path-filter * import peer x.x.x.x filter-policy * import peer x.x.x.x route-limit *,Page 20,Q2：BGP路由收到，但在BGP路由表不活跃？,RT1display bgp routing-table peer 202.112.146.100 received-routes Total
14、 Number of Routes: 1 BGP Local router ID is 202.112.146.1 Status codes: * - valid, - best, d - damped, h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn i 2.2.2.0/24 100.112.146.100 150 0 i RT1display ip routing
15、-table 2.2.2.0 24 verbose /IP路由表中没有 RT1,BGP路由不活跃,Page 21,Q2：BGP路由收到，但在BGP路由表不活跃？,RT1display ip routing-table 100.112.146.100 verbose /没有下一跳的路由 RT1display bgp routing-table 2.2.2.0 24 BGP local router ID : 202.112.146.1 Local AS number : 100 Paths: 1 available, 0 best, 0 select BGP routing table entry information of 2.2.2.0/24: From: 202.112.146.100 (202.112.146.100) Route Duration: 00h05m36s Relay IP Nexthop: 0.0.0.0 Relay IP Out-Interface: Original nexthop: 100.112.146.100 Qos information : 0x0 AS-path Nil, origin
