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1、19IV2Letsaddressthequestionofwhetherspeedreadingisevenadesirablegoal.Iamanavidfictionreader.Consciouslyorunconsciously,readersoffictionappreciatethebeautyingoodwriting.OccasionallyIwillreadapassageorsentenceovertobeimpressedbytheopeningsentencesofErnestHemingwaysTheOldManandtheSea,TheDark,andHerman.
2、IfIwasadeterminedspeedreader,Iwouldneverhavethetimetoappreciatethesebeautifulpassages.AndIdneverhavethetimetosavorthedevelopmentofacharacterlikeRhettButler,theGreatGatsbyorCaptainAhab.Goodwritersmustbereadcarefullyandthoughtfullytobefullyappreciated.Tocarrythequestionoftheneedforrapidreadingabitfurt
3、her,letsconsiderthetechnicaloreducationalmaterialmostofusmustreadforourjobs.Ifyouworkinatechnicalfieldandmostbusinessandprofessionalpeopledoyoudbetterreadslowlyandcarefully.Almostallbusinessestodayaresubjecttofederalregulationstosomedegree.IfyoumustreadtheFederalRegister,theCodeofFederalRegulations,
4、theOSHAHandbookorothertechnicalmaterialsrelateddirectlytoyourjob,Idurgeyoutotakeyourtime.Amisreadingcouldbecostlyordamagingtoyourfirm.Ontheotherhand,newspapers,newsmagazinesandotherpublicationsshouldbereadwithsomedegreeofspeed.Hereswhereageneralknowledgeofspeedreadingtechniquesmightbeuseful.Especial
5、lysincethatisthemostcommontypeofreadingwedo.Anyonecanimprovetheirreadingefficiently.Todoso,youmustlearnsomebasictechniquesandthenconsciouslyapplythem.Perhapsanexpensivecoursewouldhelpyou,butaninexpensivepaperbackandconcentratedpracticemightprovideasmuchlong-termbenefit.Inanycase,youlosenothingbytryi
6、ngtheself-helpapproach.Question:Technicalmaterialsshouldbereadcarefullybecause_.A.theyareusuallydifficulttounderstandB.theyarerelatedtofederalregulationsC.theyareanuncommontypeofreadingD.amisreadingmaydoharmtoyourwork:D_Iwantbadlyisanewsportscar.A.AllthatB.AllwhatC.AllwhichD.Thethingwhat:AFromthemom
7、entthatananimalisbornithastomakedecisions.Ithastodecidewhichofthethingsarounditareforeating,andwhicharetobeavoided;whentoattackandwhentorunaway.Theanimalis,ineffect,playingacomplicatedandpotentiallyverydangerousgamewithitsenvironment,discomfortordestruction.Thisisadifficultandunpleasantbusinessandfe
8、wanimalswouldsurviveiftheyhadtostartfromthebeginningandlearnabouttheworldwhollybytrialanderror,fortherearetoomanypossibledecisionswhichwouldprovefatal.Sowefind,inpractice,thatthegameisalwaysarrangedinfavoroftheyounganimalinonewayoranother.Eithertheanimalisprotectedduringtheearlystagesofitslearningab
9、outtheworldaroundit,ortheknowledgeofwhichwaytorespondisbuiltintoitsnervoussystemfromthestart.Thefactthatanimalsbehavesensiblycanbeattributedpartlytowhatwemightcallgeneticlearning,todistinguishitfromindividuallearningthatananimaldoesinthecauseofitsownlifetime.Geneticlearningislearningbyaspeciesasawho
10、le,anditisachievedbyselectionofthosemembersofeachgenerationthathappentobehaveintherightway.However,geneticlearningdependsuponapredictionthatthefuturewillmoreorlessexactlyresemblethepast.Themorevariableindividualexperienceislikelytobe,thelessefficientisgeneticlearningasameansofgettingovertheproblemso
11、fthesurvivalgame.Itisnotsurprisingtofindthatveryfewspeciesindeeddependwhollyupongeneticlearning.Inthegreatmajorityofanimals,behaviorisacompoundofindividualexperienceandgeneticlearningtobehaveinparticularways.Question:Thesurvivalgameisconsideredcomplicatedandpotentiallyverydangerousbecause_.A.decisio
12、nsmadebyanimalsmayprovefatalB.animalsareoftenindangerofbeingattackedC.animalsmakedecisionsentirelybytrialD.environmentisnotfitforanimalstosurvive:ALetsaddressthequestionofwhetherspeedreadingisevenadesirablegoal.Iamanavidfictionreader.Consciouslyorunconsciously,readersoffictionappreciatethebeautyingo
13、odwriting.OccasionallyIwillreadapassageorsentenceovertobeimpressedbytheopeningsentencesofErnestHemingwaysTheOldManandtheSea,TheDark,andHerman.IfIwasadeterminedspeedreader,Iwouldneverhavethetimetoappreciatethesebeautifulpassages.AndIdneverhavethetimetosavorthedevelopmentofacharacterlikeRhettButler,th
14、eGreatGatsbyorCaptainAhab.Goodwritersmustbereadcarefullyandthoughtfullytobefullyappreciated.Tocarrythequestionoftheneedforrapidreadingabitfurther,letsconsiderthetechnicaloreducationalmaterialmostofusmustreadforourjobs.Ifyouworkinatechnicalfieldandmostbusinessandprofessionalpeopledoyoudbetterreadslow
15、lyandcarefully.Almostallbusinessestodayaresubjecttofederalregulationstosomedegree.IfyoumustreadtheFederalRegister,theCodeofFederalRegulations,theOSHAHandbookorothertechnicalmaterialsrelateddirectlytoyourjob,Idurgeyoutotakeyourtime.Amisreadingcouldbecostlyordamagingtoyourfirm.Ontheotherhand,newspaper
16、s,newsmagazinesandotherpublicationsshouldbereadwithsomedegreeofspeed.Hereswhereageneralknowledgeofspeedreadingtechniquesmightbeuseful.Especiallysincethatisthemostcommontypeofreadingwedo.Anyonecanimprovetheirreadingefficiently.Todoso,youmustlearnsomebasictechniquesandthenconsciouslyapplythem.Perhapsanexpensivecoursewouldhelpyou,butaninexpens
