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1、Fundamentals of Electroanalytical Chemistry 电分析化学原理、方法和应用 Yuanhua Shao（邵元华，教授 Ph.D.） College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University,Outline: 1. Principles 2. Methods 3. Applications,Part 1 Principles 1. Introduction 2. Electrochemical Cell: Thermodynamic Properties and Electrode Po
2、tentials 3. The Interfacial Region 4. Fundamentals of Kinetics and Mechanism of Electrode Reactions 5. Mass Transport 6. Kinetics and Transport in Electrode Reactions Part 2 Methods 1 Electrochemical Experiments 2 Hydrodynamic Electrodes,主要内容,Part 2 Methods 3 Cyclic Voltammetry and Linear Sweep Tech
3、niques 4 Step and Pulse Techniques 5 Impedance Methods 6 Non-Electrochemical Probes of Electrodes and Electrode Processes Part 3 Applications 1 Potentiometric Sensors 2 Amperometric and Voltammetric Sensors 3 Electrochemistry in Industry 4 Corrosion 5 Bioelectrochemistry,主要内容,General Books: 1* A.J.B
4、ard and L.R.Faulkner, Electrochemical methods, fundamentals and applications, Wiley, New York, 1980(2nd Edition, 2001) 2 * C.M.A.Brett and A.M.O.Brett, Electrochemistry, Principles, Methods, and Applications, Oxford, 1993 3 * Southampton Electrochemistry Group, New Instrumental Methods in Electroche
5、mistry, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, 1985 4 A.M.Bond, Modern polarographic methods in Analytical Chemistry, Dekker, New York, 1980 5 J.Koryta, Principles of Electrochemistry, Wiley, 1987 6 P. Delahay, New Instrumental methods in Electrochemistry, 1954 7 R.N.Adams, Electrochemistry at solid electrodes,
6、 1969 8 *J.OM.Bockris and A.N.Reddy, Modern Electrochemistry, Plenum, New York, 1970 9 电化学基础，张祖训，汪尔康， 2000 10生命科学中的电分析化学， 彭图治，杨丽菊 编著, 1999 11 *电极过程动力学导论， 查全性， 1976(1987 2nd Edition) 12电化学研究方法， 田昭武， 1984 13*电化学测定方法， 腾岛 昭 等著， 陈震等译， 1995 14电分析化学， 蒲国刚，袁倬斌，吴守国编著， 1993,Series 1. Electroanalytical Chemistr
7、y, ed. A.J.Bard 2. Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry, eds. J.OM.Bockris, B.E.Conway, et al., Journals Nature, Science, JACS, Angew.Chem.Int Edit Anal.Chem.,(May 1, 2000) J.Phys.Chem.B., J.Electroanal.Chem., Electrochimica Acta, J.Electrochem.Society., Electroanalysis, Electrochemical and Solid Stat
8、e Letters, J.Applied Electrochemistry, Electrochemistry Communications, J.Solid State Electrochemistry,Reviews: Accounts of Chemical Research Analytical Chemistry Annual Reviews of Physical Chemistry Chemical Reviews Websites: http:/electrochem.cwru.edu/estir/,Chapter One ( 第一章) Introduction (导言) 1.
9、1 Introduction 1.2 Scope of Electroanalytical Chemistry 1.3 Brief History 1.4 Examples,1.1 Introduction (导言) 电分析化学和电化学：两者没有区别！基本原理 相同，仅研究的侧重点可能不同。 电化学池： 原电池(Galvanic Cell)：化学能 电能 电解池(Electrolytic Cell)：电能 化学能 一个简单的电分析化学实验： 组成：工作(研究)电极(W), 参比电极(R)， 辅助(对)电极 (C), 电解质溶液，恒电位仪 (potentiostat), PC计算机(接口+软件)
10、。,研究重点,Electroanalytical Chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the interrelation of electrical and chemical effects. A large part of this field deals with the study of chemical changes caused by the passage of an electric current and the production of electrical energy by chemical reac
11、tions. In fact, the field of electrochemistry encompasses a huge array of different phenomena (e.g., electrophoresis and corrosion), devices (electrochromic displays, electro- analytical sensors, batteries, and fuel cells), and technologies (the electroplating of metals and the large-scale productio
12、n of aluminum and chlorine). While the basic principles of electro- chemistry discussed in this text apply to all of these, the main emphasis here is on the application of electrochemical methods to the study of chemical systems.,1.2 Scope of Electroanalytical Chemistry,Scientists make electrochemic
13、al measurements on chemical systems for a variety of reasons. They may be interested in obtaining thermodynamic data about a reaction. They may want to generate an unstable intermediate such as a radical ion and study its rate of decay or its spectroscopic properties. They may seek to analyze a solu
14、tion for trace amounts of metal ions or organic species. In these examples, electro- chemical methods are employed as tools in the study of chemical systems in just the way that spectroscopic methods are frequently applied. There are also investigations in which the electrochemical properties of the
15、 systems themselves are of primary interest, for example, in the design of a new power source or for the electrosynthesis of some product. Many electrochemical methods have been devised. Their application requires an understanding of the fundamental principles of electrode reactions and the electric
16、al properties of electrode- solution interfaces.,Variables affecting the rate of an electrode reaction,1.3 电化学的简史： Luigi Galvani (1737-1798): 从1786年开始，进行著名的“animal electricity“ 实验解剖青蛙 Alessandro Volta (1745-1827): Humphry Davy (1778-1829): Michael Faraday (1791-1867): Grove: 燃料电池(1839) Lippmann: 1873 Helmholtz: 双电层(1879) F.G.Cottrell: Cottrell 公式 1902 W.Nernst: Nernst 公式1904 Tafel: Tafel 公式1905 Gouy, Chapman: 1905 Stern: 1924 Heyrovsky, Shikata: Polarograph 1925(1959 Nobel
