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1、汉英姓名和称谓的比较,Unit 6 English Names,Kobe Bryant,Tracy McGrady,Nicole.Kidman,William Bradley Pitt,Tom Cruise,David Beckham,George Bush,Tony Blair,Thomas Alva Edison,Albert Einstein,Part one: Whats in a name?,Chinese names can give all sorts of information about a person. They may give us clues about wher
2、e and when the person was born. Or they may tell us something about their family relationships, ethnic group, parents expectation for the children ,sex.,I. Naming names,Most English people have three names. The last name, or the surname is the family name. This is the family name of the father and i
3、s given to all his children. The first names are given names , which are given to the children at birth. Another term used to refer to them is Christian names. Middle names,E.g.: Martin Luther King Ronald Wilson Reagan George W. Bush,Activity (full name),First name=given name =forename =personal nam
4、e Typical English given names: John, Robert, Thomas, William, Alice.,Note: be on first-name terms with sb.,First name,First name=Christian name =Baptismal name Given at a Christian religious ceremony like baptism（洗礼）-baptized by its god-father or god-mother Names after the people in the Bible E.g. A
5、dam, Abraham, Daniel, David, Paul, Peter and so on.,2. Names come from mythology(神话） and literature Greek mythology: Daphne, Phoebe, Cynthia, Hector and Jason Shakespeare: Miranda, Jessica and Cordelia,Different names, different Ivan Louis Carlos Albert, Adolph, Carl, Karl,origins,Russian,French,Ger
6、man,Spanish,Different names, different meanings Girls names,Catherinetruthful, honest lady and loved by all. Lilypretty and sweet like the lily. Dorothy: gift .how happy you are when a gift comes your way. Alicekind Beatrice: joy. Bring happiness to everyone who knows her.,Edwardprotector. Help and
7、take care of others who are weaker and younger than he. Richardbrave Victorwinner Charlesman of common peoplea man who works on the land.,Different names, different meanings Boys names,Names to show : To address a close friend or a family member The childs pet name, infant name or childhood name,end
8、earment,Shortened names: Alfred-Alf Alexander-Alec or Alex David-Dave or Davy Donald- Don Edward- Ed, Eddy, Eddey or Eddie Frederick-Fred, Freddy or Freddie Harold- Harry,Michael-Mike Richard-Dick Robert-Bob or Bobby Samuel-Sam or Sammy Thomas- Tom, Tommy or Tommie William- Bill, Billy or Billie,Eli
9、zabeth-Liz, Lizzy, Lizzie and Libby or Bess, Bessie, Bette, Betty, Beth and Betsy Catherine or Katherine-Cathy, Kate, Katy, Katie, Kay, Kathy and Kitty Note: The suffix “-y” or “-ie” shows endearment.,Tom, Dick and Harry refer to ordinary people. Darby and Joan means a pair of happy aged couple. A p
10、lain Jane and an ordinary Joe.,Nickname: used by friends or relatives, a funny name for someone as a joke, can also be called a byname(别名，绰号）. To describe a persons physical significance: Fatty for a fat boy Shorty for a short man Hurry for Harry,Nickname,Nickname refers to certain part of a persons
11、 body which is different from others. For example: Heads, Neck, Legg, Foot and Shanks(长腿）. Barefoot, Broadhead, Bullhead, Chaffin(bald), Garnham(moustache), Redhead, Sheepshanks, and Vidler(face of a wolf),To describe a persons temper, moral and habits: Bevin (drinking wine), Dolittle (doing little)
12、, Gulliver (glutton暴食者), Makepeace (making peace), Parlabean (speaking well), Scattergood (scattering goods or property) The above nicknames became surnames later.,Bobby is a common nickname for policeman, especially one regarded as friendly and helpful, for example when controlling traffic or givin
13、g directions to a passer-by. The word often occurs in such phrases as “the British bobby” which means the British police force, and “the bobby on his beat” which means a policeman making a regular patrol of a district on foot or by bicycle.,Nicknames for people in different places: Scots Jock, Scott
14、ish form of “Jack”, or Mac” whose meaning is “a fellow”, used informally to address a man whose name is unknown. Welshman Taffy, Welsh from of the English name David Irish Paddy, Irish form of Patrick; or Mick, a nickname for Michael(offensive) John Bull English people (derogatory) Uncle Sam U.S. Go
15、v, Americans Frog Frenchman (offensive),Is it a boy or a girl? Sarah Christopher Claire Mathew Emma David Laura James Rebecca Daniel Rachel Steven Kelly Victoria Mark Andrew Katharine Paul,It is a persons family name or surname. It is formal and often used on official occasions or with people you do
16、 not know well. It is used with a form of address before it, like Mr, Mrs, Miss, Prof, Dr, etc.,Last Name,English family names have their origins. England was mainly a rural society in the Middle Ages. There were no large cities. Some groups of people live within the walls of a castle or nearby. Some others lived in small villages. The people had only one name. and the number of different names was not large. The popul
