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1、International trade practice,主讲：刘伟良 Tel：13922439437 QQ：1047205122,Chapter 4 Transport,1. Ocean Transport,2. Air Transport,3. Rail Transport,4. Road Transport,1/70,5. Containerization,6. Palletization,7. Pipelines,8. International Multimodal Transport,9. General Considerations in Cargo Transport,P57-
2、,Ocean Transport,Other modes of transport,2/70,Transport,P57-,Advantages The easy passage Large capacity Low unit distribution cost Good adaptability to cargoes,Disadvantages Slow passage Vulnerable 易受伤 to bad weather Less punctual,3/70,1. Ocean Transport,1) Advantages and disadvantages,P57-,4/70,2)
3、 Major types of cargo vessels,A general or packed cargo vessel An OBO (ore/bulk/oil) carrier A refrigerated ship A timber ship An oil tanker A container vessel Role on/Role off (RO-RO) vessel LASH (Lighter Aboard Ship),普通货轮 矿石/散货/油轮 冷藏船 木材船 油轮 集装箱轮 滚装船 载驳货船,P57-,5/70,An Ore Carrier 矿沙船,P57-,6/70,A R
4、efrigerated Ship,P57-,7/70,A Timber Ship 木材,P57-,8/70,An Oil Tanker,P57-,9/70,A RO-RO Ship,P57-,10/70,A Lighter Aboard Ship,P58-,11/70,3) CLASSIFICATION OF MERCHANT VESSELS,Merchant vessels,LINERS,TRAMPS 流浪,VOYAGE CHARTER程租船,TIME CHARTER定期租船,Single voyage航行 charter,Round voyage charter,Consecutive v
5、oyage charter,Voyage charter on time basis,Contract of affreightment包运合同,P58-,12/70,A linera passenger or cargo vessel that operates over a regular route according to an advertised time-table.,Characteristics Fixed route, ports, schedule and relatively fixed freight; Loading and unloading charges in
6、cluded in freight; Good service; Simple procedures; Ideal for cargo of small quantity.,【A】Liners (定期班轮),P59-,A tramp a cargo ship not operating on regular routes and schedules, and picking up cargo from almost any port only when it is chartered (hired). Tramps can be divided into Voyage Charter and
7、Time Charter.,Characteristics No fixed route, ports or schedule but direct trip; Freight determined by market to be competitive; Ideal for cargo of a complete shipload, such as cargo of low value and huge quantity.,【B】Tramps (不定期货轮),P59-,14/70,Also known as charter party, is a written contract betwe
8、en the ship-operator and the charterer (shipper发货人), normally including the ports, the freight rate and the time involved in the voyages. Under a charter party, the ship operator issues a charter party bill of lading, which is normally rejected by the banks in L/C negotiation.,Charter Party Contract
9、 - (租船合同),P59-,15/70,A voyage charter is the hire of a ship for a particular trip that can be further divided into:,Single voyage charter Round voyage charter Consecutive voyage charter Voyage charter on time basis Contract of affreightment,单程航次租船 来回航次租船 连续航次租船 航次期租船 包运合同租船,Voyage Charter (定程租船),P59
10、-,16/70,Laytime (装卸时间)the total time (number of hours or days) allowed through an agreement between the ship-owner and the charterer for loading and/or unloading the cargo.,Demurrage (滞港费)the charge the charterers pay to the ship-owner as compensation for the delay of a ship beyond its scheduled lay
11、time.,Dispatch Money (速遣费)the reward the ship-owner pays to the charterers for the time saved in the loading or discharging operations (shorter than the contractually agreed laytime).,Laytime, Demurrage & Dispatch Time,P59-,17/70,Running or consecutive days Each and every 24 hours are counted as one
12、 day. Working days Non-working days such as Sundays and holidays are excluded. Weather working days A day of good weather and working day is taken as part of the laytime.,How to calculate the laytime,P60-,18/70,A time charter is the hire of a ship for a definite period of time from a few months up t
13、o 20 years. A time charter party should include the following main clauses:,Description of ship Trade limit (cargo, area) Charter period Delivery of vessel,Time Charter (定期租船),Charter hire Suspension 暂停 of hire Redelivery of vessel Sublet,P61-,19/70,4) Key trade terms used specifically in charter sh
14、ipping,LINER TERMS: The ship-operator is responsible for cargo loading and unloading; FREE IN (FI): The ship-operator is not responsible for cargo loading; FREE OUT (FO): The ship-operator is not responsible for cargo unloading; FREE IN & OUT (FIO): The ship-operator is not responsible for cargo loa
15、ding and unloading. FREE IN & OUT, STOWED & TRIMMED (FIOST): The ship-operator is not responsible for cargo loading, unloading, stowing and trimming.,P61-,20/70,5) General procedures of ocean transport by liners,Find out freight rates. Select a shipping line and a particular vessel for reliable serv
16、ice and reasonable cost. Book shipping space. Register cargo on a shipping note (S/N), which describes the details of cargo, and send the shipping note to the shipping line. Register details on the Customs 海关forms. Arrange adequate packing, including shipping marks.,Receive calling forward notice (when to send in the cargo) from shipping line. Send cargo to the port shipment with consignment 托运 note, which has the details of the shipment. Pay freight bill. Receive from the
