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1、感染与免疫,医学微生物学 (46) 医学免疫学 (28) 医学寄生虫 (24) 药理学 (12),Medical Immunology,医学免疫学,1.Major conception 2.Immune system 3.Type of immune response 4.The History of immunology,Brief Introduction of Immunology,Chapter 1,2,免疫学简介,A. Immunity, Classical conception Modern conception,(immunis),免疫是机体识别自己和非己, 并排除非己抗原, 以
2、维持机体内环境稳定的生理性防御功能;正常情况下具有保护作用,异常情况下可损害机体,（双重性）,-机体防御病原体侵袭的能力 (或抗感染的防御能力),1. Major conception,Pathogen or toxic product,body,Specific substance,Combine with,Ag,Ab,Ag body Ab,(IS),抗原刺激机体(免疫系统)产生抗体的全过程称为免疫应答(immune response,IR),B.Antigen, antibody and immune response,2. Immune system (IS),A.Components
3、of immune system B.Functions of immune system,-, Immune organs central immune organ peripheric immune organ and tissues,A.Components of IS,immune organs immune cells immune molecules,-bone marrow and thymus,-lymph nodes and spleen,mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue,bone marrow,*site of B cell differ
4、entiation and mutulation *site of developing response mediated by B cell,*sourse of various blood cells,thymus,site of T cell differentiation and mutulation induce autoimmune tolerance take part in immunoregulation,outer cortex inner medulla,-,*structure of thymic lobule,胸腺小叶的结构,TSC including: thymu
5、s epithelial cells macrophage thymus dendritic cells fibroblast,*contain thymocytes and thymic stromal cells(TSC) *function of thymus,*structure,*function of thymus, shallow cortex (B cell areas) paracortex (T cell areas),cortex, medullary cords 髓索 (T,B,plasma cell and M) medullary sinus 髓窦,sites of
6、 residence and developing immune response for T and B cell filter lymph take part in lymphocyte recirculation,lymph nodes,medulla,75% -T 25%-B,spleen,*structure,white pulp red pulp,白髓(淋巴鞘),边缘带,被膜,中央小动脉,入脾动脉,淋巴小结的生发中心,边缘带,小动脉周围淋巴鞘,静脉窦,脾索,红髓,生发中心 (淋巴滤泡),(T cell areas),(B cell areas),*function,(B cell,
7、M,DC),55%-B 35%-T,(B cell,T cell),T,B细胞定居和产生免疫应答 的场所 过滤血液 合成免疫活性物质的重要场所,Mucosal immune system(MIS),(or mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue, MALT),*consists of unencapsulated subepithelial lymphoid found in the gastrointestinal, respiratory and urogenital tracts, 执行固有免疫 分泌SIgA , 执行局部特异性免疫功能的主要场所 参与口服抗
8、原介导的免疫耐受,*function, Immune cells,hematopoietic stem cells(HSC) phagocytes lymphocytes(T,B and NK cells) antigen-presenting cell (APC) other cell,-所有参与免疫应答或与免疫应答有关的细胞及其前体,均属于免疫细胞, Immune molecules,secritory molecule membrane molecules,(Ig,Complement,Cytokine),(TCR,BCR, MHC molecule, CKR ,CD molecule,
9、 AM,CR and so on.),Self Ag,non-self Ag,autoimmunity or AID,B. Function of IS,recognize,Ag,response,IR,IS,reject non-self,HI or CMI,Self-tolerance,immune tolerance hypersensitivity,Normal immune defence immune homeostasis immune surveillance,Abnormal allergy or IDD autoimmune disease tumor/severe inf
10、ection,3. Type of immune response,A. Innate immune response,(对多种抗原产生的应答,是机体固有的天然防御功能), Constitution Feature,Barrier structure Phagocytosis of phagocytes and kill of NK cells Anti-microorganism substances in the body fluids and tissues,生来具有、可遗传、相对稳定、无特异性、有种的差异,(or called innate/nonspecific immunity),
11、B.Adaptive immune response,B.Adaptive immune response, Humoral immunity(HI) and cell-mediated immunity (CMI) or cellular immunity Feature,(or acquired/specific immunity),接触抗原后获得，不可遗传，有明显特异性,(对特异性抗原产生的应答,并获得特异免疫功能),4.The History of Immunology,Experiential immunologic period Scientific immunologic period Modern immunologic period,课后思考题,试述人类中枢免疫器官和外周免疫器官的组成及其功能 试述淋巴细胞的再循环,
