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1、Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Today, we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are all available on our smartphones. 1 of us just wa
2、lk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 cant find north, a few tricks may help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself
3、 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area of land, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you
4、 should 10 see signs of people.If youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights you may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in dense forest, you should be ab
5、le to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution. 18 , assuming youre lost in an
6、area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.1.A. FewB. MostC. SomeD. All2.A. putB. take C. runD. come3.A. SinceB. UntilC. Though D. If4.A. formallyB. literallyC. graduallyD. relatively5.A. aroundB.
7、awayC. backD. next6.A. ontoB. alongC. acrossD. off7.A. unattractiveB. unfamiliarC. unchangedD. uncrowded8.A. wayB. pointC. siteD. place9.A. InsteadB. YetC. SoD. Besides10.A. immediatelyB. eventuallyC. unexpectedlyD. intentionally11.A. frightenedB. annoyedC. surprisedD. confused12.A. problemB. result
8、C. viewD. option13.A. Above allB. For exampleC. On averageD. In contrast14.A. spotB. avoidC. bridgeD. separate15.A. fromB. underC. beyondD. through16.A. postsB. breaksC. shadesD. links17.A. hiddenB. mysteriousC. artificialD. limited18.A. FinallyB. ConsequentlyC. IncidentallyD. Generally19.A. memorie
9、sB. belongingsC. notesD. marks20.A. leadB. adaptC. restrictD. exposeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Financial regulators in Britain h
10、ave imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking an
11、d to restore public trust in financial institutions. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long-term decision-making, not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations.“Short-termism,” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publ
12、icly traded companies, says the Bank of Englands top economist, Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to b
13、e eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firms efforts to invest in long-term research or to b
14、uild up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism.”In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorter attention spans in financial markets. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the
15、expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker
