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1、Ch. 9 &10: Group and Team,9-1,Sharing your experience,Think about the group experience you ever had, and discuss the following questions: 1. Discuss the group event, 2. What is the most interesting part of this group experience? 3. What is the most difficult part of group experience?,9-2,Defining Gr
2、oups,Group: Two or more individuals interacting and interdependent, together to achieve objectives Formal Group: Structure with designated work assignments/tasks Informal Group: Neither formally structured nor organizationally determined,Why group decision?,Group Strengths: More complete information
3、 Diverse views and greater creativity Increased acceptance of decisions Group Weaknesses: Time-consuming Conformity pressures A situation of ambiguous responsibility,9-3,9-4,Five Stages of Group Development Model,9-5,Group Properties,9-6,Group Property 1: Roles,Role A set of expected behavior patter
4、ns Role Identity Certain attitudes and behaviors consistent with a role,9-7,Group Property 2: Norms,Norms Shared acceptable standards of behavior Classes of Norms Performance norms Appearance norms Social arrangement norms Allocation norms .,9-8,Group Property 3: Status,Power a person has over other
5、s Ability to contribute to group goals Personal characteristics,9-9,Group Property 4: Size,Group size affects behavior Size: Twelve or more members is a “large” group Seven or fewer is a “small” group,9-10,Issues with Group Size,Social Loafing “Free ride” (how to reduce this?),9-11,Group Property 5:
6、 Cohesiveness,Ways to increase cohesiveness: Smaller group More time together. Stimulate competition with other groups. Group-based rewards,E X H I B I T 9-7,9-12,Video,http:/ http:/ Think,Conformity deter critically appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views Hinders performance,9-14,Reducing
7、Groupthink,Minimize Groupthink by: Reduce the size of the group to 10 or less Encourage group leaders to be impartial Appoint a “devils advocate” Use exercises on diversity,Turning Individuals into Team Players,Selection Make team skills one of the interpersonal skills in the hiring. Training Indivi
8、dualistic people can learn Rewards Reward system to encourage cooperative efforts. Recognize individual contributions.,10-15,Virtual Team,Virtual Teams Use computer technology to tie together physically dispersed members. Characteristics Limited socializing Overcome time and space constraints To be
9、effective, needs: Trust among members Close monitoring,10-16,Creating Effective Teams: Context,Adequate Resources Effective Leadership and Structure Climate of Trust Team-based Performance and Rewards Systems,10-17,Creating Effective Teams: Composition,Right abilities Right Personality Right Roles and Diversity Right Size of Team The smaller the better: 5 to 9 is optimal,10-18,Group exercise,P. 304: Wilderness survival Case incident 1: Toyotas team culture (p. 334).,10-19,
