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1、泉州第五中学 孙志英,解读高考阅读语篇， 提高学生英语阅读思维品质,一、背景 二、问题 三、对策 四、实践,主题的四个方面：,英语课程致力于培养具有“中国情怀、国际视野和跨文化沟通能力的社会主义建设者和接班人。”（教育部，2018，p.36）,一、背景,十九大：“立德树人”,2017高考考纲对英语阅读理解的要求,要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能： （1）理解主旨要义； （2）理解文中具体信息； （3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义； （4）做出判断和推理； （5）理解文章的基本结构； （6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。,
2、文章的主旨要义需从文章的字里行间进行推断,作者没有明示文章的主旨要义，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括,作出简单判断和推理,根据所读内容做出判断和推理,增加“阅读文章需要具备一定的语篇知识”,必须对文章的结构有所了 解，把握全篇的文脉,必须把握全篇的基本结构，理清上下文的衔接关系,2017年考纲关于阅读理解的六变,二、问题,23. Who made a great contribution to the civil rights movement in the U.S? 得分率：81% 题型：细节理解题 30.Why does Peter have to complete his tri
3、p within 42 hours? 得分率：78% 题型：细节理解题 24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text? 得分率：38% 题型：推理判断题 28. What does the author suggest the grandparents do the last paragraph? 得分率：30% 题型：推理判断题,某年全国I卷考生数据,思维品质：辨析语言和文化中的具体形象，梳理、概括信息，建构新概念，分析、推理信息的逻辑关系，正确评判各种思想观点，创造性地表达自己的观点，具备多元思维的意识和创新思维的能
4、力。,普通高中英语课程标准（2017年版）,（1）文本解读的重要性,教师对文本解读的水平的深度与否，正确与否，直接影响学生的学习效果和理解深度。,三、对策,学习体验程度,认知发展的维度,情感参与的深度,学习成效的高度,（2） 文本解读的内容,Why,What,How,1,2,3,4,文体特征,文本解读角度,（3） 文本解读的角度,文体结构,语篇衔接与逻辑,词汇衔接,信息类/应用文文体特征,信息类文本是指通知、通告、指南、广告，以及一组人物的介绍等。 题材包括音乐戏剧、知识讲座、旅游路线、参观指南、购物指南、交通指南、名人介绍等。 主要考察学生快速查读、获取具体信息的能力。 这类文本常会出现人名
5、、地名、组织机构等专有名词，有时还会出现个别较难的词，但不影响理解和解题。,记叙文文体特征,叙述经历或讲述故事，包括日记、游记、传说、新闻、通讯、趣闻逸事、寓言、传奇故事等。 阅读这类文章，一要搞清“5W and 1H”，即何人、何时、在何地、因何原因、干了何事、结果怎么样，有何启示或感悟； 二要弄清写作目的，作者写文章或讲故事必有其目的：或证明某一观点，或称赞某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶，或让人娱乐等，这些有时在文尾或文首会有所体现。,说明文文体特征,说明文是用平实的语言客观地解说事物、解释现象、提供信息，给人以知识的文体。 其题材包括实验报告、产品介绍、场馆介绍、社会现象分析，以及语言文化、人
6、文地理、生物的生存状况等。 说明方法有举例子、作比较、分类别、析因果、列数字、作引用等。 科普类说明文常包含有结构复杂、句意深奥的长难句，因学术性强、抽象度高，解题的难度相对较大。,议论文文体特征,议论文的功能就是说服他人、宣扬主张。 说服读者接受某种意见或采取某种行为，目的是to persuade, to influence。 阅读议论文的关键是：抓论点，即作者的观点。体现论点的主旨句多在文首或文尾、段首或段尾。 弄清楚作者用哪些事实、例子和理由支撑其论点；理解作者旨在诉诸何种情感，即本文背后的价值取向。,报道类文体特征,报道类是指就科技动态、社会现象或社会热点进行的新闻报道。 报道的第一段
7、通常是导语，体现文章主旨，然后再根据事情发生的先后或重要程度叙述细节或具体过程。,应用文 to introduce/to advertise 广而告之 记叙文 to tell/ to describe 分享愉悦 说明文 to inform/ to deliver 传递信息 议论文 to prove/ to persuade 讲授道理,To sum up,“起”就是开头，提出主题，吸引读者关注主题。 “承”即承接上文，加以申述。 “转”即转折，用来表示不同或相反的情况，指出存在的矛盾和困 难，提出疑问，常含有problem, difficult, tough rough unfortunate,
8、 but, however等词。 “合”即结论，引出解决问题的方法和建议。,起 承 转 合,For example,记叙文结构起承转合,起,承,转,合,I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, whe
9、n it works, it is simply beautiful. I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already .been placed in a carrier for safety. I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest,
10、 I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly
11、calmed down. Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as p
12、ossible and headed home to see what news the night might bring. A nervous night to be sure,but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it
13、was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all LUNCH！The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.,2017全国I-B篇,议论文文体结构起承转合,引论,提出论点/论题,本论（摆出证据）,正论或驳论,归纳法或演绎法,转而说开,正转/反转/进转（转入深处）,结论,重申见解或主张,起,承,转,合,Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane,
14、surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence. Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation because its awkward and chal
15、lenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble .Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits. Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we cant forget that dee
16、p relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease (润滑剂)for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast .“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk, “he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.” In
