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1、,writing,Writing points,完成审题 确定文体 抓住要点 组织语言 书写修改,“中小学生健康 ”为话题写一篇短文 【要求】 (1)内容包括列举中小学生面临的健康问题。 请谈谈怎样才能保持健康。 (2)字数：60-80词。 (3)短文中不得出现你的真实姓名、学校名和地名。,Topic -health,1. What are healthy problems of middle school students? 2. How can students keep healthy?,How to keep Healthy ? Everyone wants to keep healt
2、hy today, especially our students. But we dont pay attention to our health. Some of them go to school without breakfast in the morning. Some students and pupils play computer games or watch TV all day, especially at the weekends. Many boys think it is cool to drink or smoke. It is important for us t
3、o have good habits. We should eat breakfast every morning. We can watch TV or play games for a short time, then have a rest. We also can take part in some clubs. I think it is necessary for us to keep healthy.,开头 1. 关于人们有不同的观点。一些人认为 There are different opinions among people as to _ .Some people sugg
4、est that _. 2. 俗话说（常言道），它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying_. Its the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，；其次，。更为糟糕的是。 Today, _, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, _ Second,_. What makes t
5、hings worse is that_. 4. 现在，很普遍，许多人喜欢，因为，另外（而且）。 Nowadays，it is common to _. Many people like _ because _. Besides，_. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and _ is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说），在他们看来， Peoples opinions abou
6、t _ vary from person to person. Some people say that _.To them,_.,结尾 1. 自然结尾，点明主题 随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Helping the Policeman (帮助警察)”的结尾可以是：The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy.再如“The Tortoise and the Hare(龟兔赛跑)” 的结尾可以是：When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already
7、 been there。 2. 首尾呼应，升华主题 在文章的结尾可以用含义较深的话点明主题，深化主题，起到“画龙点睛”的效果。如“I Love My Hometown(我爱家乡)”的结尾可以是：I love my hometown, and I am proud of it. 3. 反问结尾，引起深思 这种方式的结尾虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，而且具有一定的强调作用，可引起他人的深思。如 “Learning English can give us a lot of pleasure (学英语能为我们带来许多乐趣)” 的结尾可以是：If we learn English well, we
8、can Dont you think learning English is great fun? 4. 表达祝愿，阐述愿望 这种方式的结尾常出现在书信或演讲稿的文体中，表示对他人的祝福或对将来的展望等。如“A Letter to the Farmers(给农民们的一封信)”的结尾可以是：I hope the farmers life will be better and better. 另外，书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语：Best wishes;I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year;I wish you have a good
9、time等。,连接词 （1）表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：eitheror，neithernor, or, as well as, and, bothand. （2）表因果关系或对等关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of ， because of, due to ,owing to, thanks to等. （3）表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhile, at the beginning, in the end, before long,
10、 for the first（second）time, the minute等. （4）表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but , while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等. （5）表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for instance, and so on, etc. and the like等. （6）表递进关系的连接词：not onlybut (also), whats more
11、, whats worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等. （7）表示总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等. (8)表示空间顺序的连词，如on the right/left, to the right/left of, on one side of.,in the middle/center of等.,错误修改 一、“汉语式”英语 例：His fathers body is strong.
12、他父亲身体很好。 析：汉语说“某人的身体强弱”时，在英语中不必加 body。因此，在书面表达中要注意英语的习惯用法，否则容易杜撰出“汉语式”英语，使人难以看懂。同时不能先想汉语意思，然后再直译成英语，而要擅于直接用英语思考。 正：His father is strong.,二、难词解释 例：the time fell sleeping 就寝时间 析：同学们遇到要表达的术语有难词时，想不到用合适的单词来表达，于是就闹出了这样的笑话。因此，在平时学习中学生们就要知难而进，想方设法记忆必要的单词，同时增强解释的能力，只有这样才能提高英语书面表达能力。 正：the sleeping time,三、单词
13、堆砌 例：Our go to school time is 8：00. 上学时间是8：00。析：同学们在书面表达中应尽量使用自己熟悉且有把握的习惯用语，不能凭着自己的中文习惯主观臆造句子，否则不可能做到“语言准确，得当”。 正：We go to school at eight.,四、时态的误用 例：She like it very much and reads it to the class. 她很喜欢它并且读给同学们听。 析：在书面表达中，应根据上下文或时间状语来确定动词的时态。 正：She liked it very much and read it to the class.,五、用词错
14、误 例：He gave me a very good advice yesterday. 昨天他给我一个非常好的建议。 析：advice 表示“建议”时，是不可数名词，不能用不定冠词来修饰，而应用 a piece of。 正：He gave me a piece of very good advice yesterday.,六、一致性错误 所谓不一致不仅指主谓不一致，它还包括数的不一致、时态不一致以及代词不一致等。 例1：Once one have money， he can do what he want to do. 人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么。 析：one 是第三人称单数，因此
15、本句的 have 应改为 has。同理，want 应改为 wants。 正：Once one has money， he can do what he wants to do. 例2：Water will boil at 100. 水在100沸腾。 析：表示客观真理的句子，其谓语动词应用一般现在时。 正：Water boils at 100.,七、修饰语错位 英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子中不同的位置，句子的含义就有可能发生变化。 例：I can dance. I too can sing. 我会跳舞，也会唱歌。 析：too 一般位于句尾，不能用于句首。 正：I can dance. I
16、 can sing too. 或 I can dance and sing too.,八、结构不完整 在口语中，交际可借助手势、语气、上下文等来理解结构不完整的句子。可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令句意表达不清。这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，作者又想加些补充说明的时候。 例：There are many ways to know the society. For example， by TV radio， newspaper and so on. 有许多方式来了解这个社会，例如通过电视、广播、报纸等等。 析：本句后半部分 For example， by TV， radio， newspaper and so on 不是一个完整的句子，仅仅是一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成
