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1、,Unit 1 Art,Section Grammar & Writing,虚拟语气() 一、虚拟语气的概念与类型 虚拟语气，又称假设语气，是谓语动词的一种形式，表示所说的话不是一种事实，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设。 虚拟语气有两种类型：用于条件或让步状语从句中，表示假设、猜测、怀疑等；用在宾语、表语、同位语、主语从句中，表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等。,二、条件句中的虚拟语气 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气，现将其形式列表如下：,1.与现在事实相反 If you were here now，you would hear Premier Wen talk
2、ing with the students. 现在如果你在这里，就会听见温总理正在和学生们交谈。 If I were you，I should try my best to go to college. 如果我是你，我会尽我所能去上大学。,2与过去事实相反 If he had gone to the party last night，everything would have changed. 如果昨晚他参加了宴会，一切都会不一样。 If the doctor had been responsible，the child would not have died of such disease.
3、 要是医生负责任，孩子不会死于这样的疾病。,3与将来事实相反 If it were to be/should be/were sunny tomorrow，we would go out for a picnic. 如果明天天气晴朗，我们会出去野餐。,4错综时间条件句 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“错综时间条件句”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If you had listened to me，you wouldnt be in such trouble now. 如果你听了我的话，你现在就不会有这样的麻烦了。(从句说明过去，主句说明
4、现在) If I were you，I would have taken his advice. 如果我是你，我就会接受他的忠告了。(从句说明现在，主句说明过去),5条件从句中的谓语部分有were，should或had时，if有时可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序 Were I you，I would do it in another way. 如果我是你的话，我就用另外一种方法做。 Should I have time，I would help Tom with his maths. 我要是有时间就帮汤姆学数学。 Had it not been for his help，I wouldnt ha
5、ve finished the work on time. 如果没有他的帮助，我是不会按时完成工作的。,三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 1动词wish后的宾语从句,I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year round. 但愿我的家乡四季如春。 She sincerely wished that she might do something to comfort him. 她真切地希望能做点什么来安慰他。 I wish I had met him yesterday. 我昨天能遇到他就好了。,温馨提示：wish本身可以是过去式，表示过去的
6、一种愿望，that从句的时态不受影响。,He wished that he hadnt told Lucy the bad news yesterday. 他昨天若是不告诉露西那个坏消息就好了。,2在表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语用“should动词原形”，should可省略 一坚持：insist 二命令：order，command 三建议：suggest，propose，advise 四要求：request，require，demand，ask I suggest that we (should)hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周我们应该举行
7、会议。 He insisted that he (should)be sent there. 他坚持应该被派去那里。,温馨提示：suggest表示“暗示，表明”，insist表示“坚持认为”时，不用虚拟语气。,The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的笑容表明他对我们的工作很满意。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他没有偷钱。,3在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用一般过去时来表示对现在或将来
8、的虚拟，用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟 Id rather you went tomorrow(now) 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。 Id rather she hadnt done that. 我宁愿她没那样做。,.根据汉语提示完成句子 1If _(我没有喝)alcohol last night，I could have driven my car home. 答案：I hadnt drunk 2Jack has been ill for several days. I know.I wish _(他能去看医生)soon. 答案：he could go to see a doctor,3All
9、the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _(严重受伤)and that he _(马上做手术) 答案：was badly/seriously wounded/injured；be operated on at once 4The teacher demanded that our homework _(被完成)before eleven. 答案：be finished 5I am poor now.If I _(有一大笔钱)，I would buy a large house. 答案：had a great deal of/a large am
10、ount of money,6Without electricity，our life _ (将大不相同) 答案：would be quite different 7If _(下雪)tomorrow，they would not go out. 答案：it were to snow 8He is ill.Otherwise he _(会来)to school. 答案：would come,9I would rather I _(采纳)his advice. 答案：hadnt taken 10How I wish I _(再年轻十岁) 答案：were ten years younger,.单项填
11、空 1_ it _ to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off until the same time next week. AShould； BIf；should CWere； D.If；were going 解析：句意：如果明天下雨的话，运动会将被推迟到下周同一时间。该题考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，当if引导的条件句省略if时，句子要用倒装语序，正常语序的句子是：If it were to rain tomorrow. 答案：C,2_ the bike be repaired by him? No，Id rather he _
12、 it repaired. AWill；has BShall；had CShould；have DCan；has 解析：句意：“自行车由他修理行吗？”“不，我宁愿他请别人来修理。”shall在此处用来征询对方的意见；would rather后接宾语从句时(常用that引导，that可省略)，从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气，若是对现在或将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用动词的过去式；若是对过去的虚拟，则从句中用过去完成时，根据句意知是对现在的虚拟。 答案：B,3Had the visiting delegation set out earlier this morning，they _ the airport
13、 so far. Amight reach Bmay have reached Cmight have reached Dmay reach 解析：由第一句话句首的had可知，该句为省略了if的虚拟条件句，并且是对过去的虚拟。句意：如果这个考察团今天上午早点出发的话，到目前为止或许他们已经到达机场了。第二句话表推测，由句意知应选C项。 答案：C,4How I wish I had studied harder when I was in senior school! If you had，you _ a university student now. Aare Bwould be Cshoul
14、d Dwere 解析：本题为错综时间的虚拟条件句，应根据时间作出适当的调整，虽然从句是对过去进行虚拟，但主句中有时间状语now，所以是对现在的虚拟，应用“would动词原形”。 答案：B,5_ him _ possible? AWouldnt you have helped；had it been BWouldnt you help；if it had been CDidnt you help；were it DWould you have helped；if it were 解析：本题考查虚拟语气和省略形式。分析选项及句意可知本句是对过去的虚拟，因而主句用“would/could/might
15、/shouldhave done”，从句用过去完成时，从句中if省略后，须把had提到主语之前。因而选A项。 答案：A,6If you _ that late movie last night，you would not be so sleepy now. Ahavent watched Bdidnt watch Cwouldnt have watched Dhadnt watched 解析：此题从句是对过去的虚拟假设，故从句用过去完成时，主句是对现在的虚拟，使用“would动词原形”。 答案：D,7It was ordered that no smoking _ in the library. Abe allowed Bwould be allowed Cwas allowed Dhad been allowed 解析：order后接宾语从句时，其宾语从句的谓语动词为“should动词原形”，should可以省略。 答案：A,8But for the help of my
