【人教版选修七】unit 2 被动语态

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1、个性化教案人教版选修七 unit2 动词的被动语态适用学科 高中英语 适用年级 高中二年级适用区域 全国 课时时长(分钟) 60知识点 各个时态的被动语态主动形式表示被动意义被动形式表达主动意义教学目标 知识:1、掌握各个时态的被动语态结构。2、能准确使用各个时态的被动语态的用法。方法:1、要总结、熟记重要被动语态的用法;要学会在实际中灵活运用。能力:1、能正确运用各各个性化教案个时态的被动语态。2、掌握并会运用主动形式表达被动意义和被动形式表示主动意义的用法。教学重点 1、各个时态的被动语态结构;2、主动形式表示被动意义;3、被动形式表达主动意义。教学难点 不用被动语态的情况教学过程一、复习

2、预习1、教师出示上节课预留的练习题,根据学生实际情况进行讲解分析;2、引导学生复习上节内容;3、并引入本节课程内容。个性化教案二、知识讲解考点/易错点 1:被动语态的概念和各个时态的被动语态结构一、被动语态的概念:动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系。英语的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态用于主动句,表示主语是动作的执行者.被动语态用于被动句,表示主语是动作的承受者。二、各个时态的被动语态结构1、被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由 be过去分词构成,be 随时态的变化而变化。以 do 为例,各种时态的被动语态形式为:1) am/is/are +do

3、ne (过去分词 ) 一般现在时例 Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2) has /have been done 现在完成时例 All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3) am/is /are being done 现在进行时例 A new cinema is being built here4) was/were done 一般过去时例 I was given ten minutes to decide wh

4、ether I should reject the offer.5) had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6) was/were being done 过去进行时例 A meeting was being held when I was there.7) shall/will be done/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done 一般将来时例 Hundre

5、ds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8) should/would be done/ waswere going to be done/ waswere about to be done/waswere to be to done 一般将来时例 The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9) shall/will have been done 将来完成时(少用)个性化教案例 The project will have been completed

6、 before July.10) should/would have been done 过去将来完成时(少用)例 He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.2、被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为:情态动词be过去分词。例 The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语,在用于被动结构时,可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语,另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例 His mot

7、her gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词 +宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余不动。例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4)在使役动词 have, make, get 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, ob

8、serve 等后面不定式作宾语补语时,在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略,但变为被动结构时,要加 to。例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to walk into the building.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组,如“动词介词”, “动词副词” 等,也可以用于被动结构,但要把它们看作一个整体,不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday.个性化教案考点/易错点 2:动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.

9、英语中有很多动词如 break,catch ,clean,drive,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash 等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意:主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。试比较:The door wont lock (指门本身有毛病)The door wont be locked (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语,如:happen, last, t

10、ake place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out 等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。例 Your reason sounds reasonable.在 need,want, require, bear 等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被

11、动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing(to be repaired) 这房子需要修理。4 形容词 worth 后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy 后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例 The picture-book is well worth reading (The picture-book is very worthy to be read )5. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lot

12、of things to do this afternoon (to do 与 things 是动宾关系,与 I 是主谓关系。)试比较:Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被个性化教案动语态作定语表明 you 不是 post 动作的执行者。)6. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit ,hard ,difficult ,important,impossibl

13、e,pleasant,interesting 等。例 This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作 to work out 省略了 for me).7 在 too to结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例 This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.个性化教案考点/易错点 3:动词的被动形式表示主动意义1. be seated, be lost, be dressedThegirlwasdressedina个性化教案redshortskirt. 2.其他习惯用法: be determ

14、ined, be pleased, be graduated (from), be prepared (for ), be occupied (in),get married 等。He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。3. 一些表示“据说 ”或“相信”的动词如 believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe 过去分词 that 从句”或“ 主语 be过去分词to do sth.”。有:It is said that 据说,It is rep

15、orted that据报道,It is believed that大家相信,It is hoped that大家希望,It is well known that众所周知, It is thought that大家认为,It is suggested that据建议。例 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )个性化教案个性化教案考点/易错点 4: 被动语态与系表结构的区别当“be+过去分词 ”作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作;

16、作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时,be 后面的过去分词是表语,相当于形容词。其区分办法如下:1如果强调动作或句中有介词 by 引导出动作的执行者,该句一般为被动语态,否则为系表结构。例 The glass is broken (系表结构)The glass was broken by the boy (被动语态)2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时,一般为被动语态。例 The door is locked (系表结构)The door has already/just been locked (被动语态)3被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外,还可以用于其他各种时态,而系表结构中的系动词 be 只有一般时态和完成时态。例 The machine is being repaired个性化教案三、例题精析【例题 1】Insomepartsoftheworld, t

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