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1、第三步 过段落关第一讲 如何写好开头与结尾纵观近几年的高考英语书面表达的命题思路和趋势，均可以划分为三个部分，即开头、正文和结尾。尤其是在近几年的高考英语书面表达已经不再给出开头和结尾的背景下，文章的开头和结尾的作用就更加明显了。一个好的开头自然会给人留下好的印象，引起读者的阅读兴趣；而一个好的结尾就是点睛之笔，起到引发读者共鸣、升华文章主题的作用。由此可见，文章开头和结尾的表达是否准确到位、安排是否得体，在整篇文章中具有举足轻重的作用，直接影响到整篇文章的质量。一、引人入胜的开头一般来说，高考英语书面表达常见的开头形式大致有以下几种：1开门见山式文章开头开门见山，用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话
2、题，使读者了解文章要谈论什么。多见于邀请信和求助信。I am writing to invite you to see the Chinese papercutting exhibition to be held this Sunday.(2017全国卷书面表达)我写信是想邀请你参观本周日举行的中国剪纸艺术展。Im happy to receive your letter and know youre coming to China.(2017北京高考书面表达)我很高兴收到你的来信，知道你要来中国。2背景介绍式这类开头多用于要求就某一社会现象进行分析的书面表达。文章开头往往要交代事件或者社会现
3、象发生的背景，比如网络投票、公共场所的不文明现象、环境保护、节约型社会建设活动等。Were going to Yendang Mountain to have an outing on July 8. We really hope that you can join us.(2017浙江高考应用文写作)我们将于7月8日去雁荡山郊游，我们真的希望你能加入我们。Online voting becomes increasingly popular, and many competitions get people involved in it. It is beneficial to some pe
4、ople, while it puts others into a dilemma over whether to vote or not.(2016江苏高考书面表达)网上投票日益普遍，许多比赛都让人们参与投票。这对一些人是有好处的，然而，也让一些人陷入到了是否要投票的窘境中。3自我介绍式自我介绍式的开头多用于与陌生人之间的通信与交流，由于双方关系陌生，故需要先做一番自我介绍，比如询问信、申请信、投诉信、求助信、建议信等。I am Li Hua, a student from your writing class. There is going to be a papercutting exh
5、ibition in the Art Museum on Sunday.(2017全国卷书面表达)我是来自你的写作班的学生，李华。星期天在美术馆将举行剪纸艺术展。Im one of your students, Li Hua, from Class Two. Im writing to ask for your help.(2016全国卷书面表达)我是来自二班的你的学生，李华。我写信想寻求你的帮助。4询问问候式询问问候式开头是一种客套语，一般用于熟人之间的交流，偶尔也可用于陌生人之间，能够给人一种亲近的感觉。How are you doing? I am Li Hua. Im glad to
6、tell you that the table tennis team in our school is recruiting new players.(2017全国卷书面表达)你好吗？我是李华，我很高兴告诉你，我们学校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。5感谢来信式此类开头用于回信，开头往往是表示感谢、请求建议或帮助等。Im so glad to hear from you. Im writing to tell you that everything goes well with me.(2017天津高考书面表达)我很高兴收到你的来信。我写信告诉你我一切都好。Its great to hear fro
7、m you. I feel proud knowing your interest in Chinese history.(2016北京高考书面表达)收到你的来信真是太好了。知道你对中国历史感兴趣，我感到自豪。6列举事例式列举事例式的开头往往通过一个事例或现象引出相关话题，接着点明文章主题。Last night I was preparing for the coming examination when the noise from my neighbor interrupted me.昨天晚上，我正在准备即将来临的考试，这时，来自邻居的噪音打断了我。Nowadays, people in
8、many big cities are complaining about heavy traffic, which has seriously influenced peoples daily life and economic development.现今，许多大城市的人们都在抱怨交通拥堵，它严重地影响了人们的日常生活和经济发展。7描述图表式这类开头形式用于图表类书面表达，首先从描述图表所呈现的信息入手，先分析图表内容，然后正文部分再透过现象看本质。As is indicated in the graph, the boxoffice income of Chinese films inc
9、reased constantly from 2012 to 2015, but its growth, for some reason, slowed down in 2016.(2017江苏高考书面表达)如图所示，中国电影的票房收入从2012年到2015年一直在上升，但由于某种原因，其票房增长率在2016年有所放缓。As is vividly shown in the picture, one person is asking the other to do some voluntary labour.正如图画中生动形象地显示的那样，一个人正在请另一个人做义务劳动。通过以上实例我们可以看出
10、：不管哪一种形式的开头，总是力求做到用简洁而又清楚的语言引出文章的主题，使读者清楚文章要表达的内容。前面已经提到高考英语书面表达以书信为主，所以我们要特别注意“Im writing to do sth.”和“Id like to do sth.”两个句式的运用，前者用来表示目的，后者用来叙述。比如：求职信可说：Im writing to apply for the position ./Learning from ., Id like to apply for the post .；咨询信可说：Im writing to inquire/ask for some information abo
11、ut .；感谢信可说：Im writing to express my thanks for ./Id like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for .；建议信可说：Im writing to express my view concerning .；投诉信可说：Im writing to complain about .；道歉信可说：Im writing to make an apology to you for .；邀请信可说：Im writing to tell you something about ./Would you like to
12、.?二、回味无穷的结尾文章的结尾形式是多种多样的，不过一般来说还是以照应开头、深化文章主题为主。高考英语书面表达常见的结尾有以下几种：1表达期待式Hope youll have a good time in China.(2017北京高考书面表达)希望你在中国玩得开心。I also hope that there will be more events of this kind in the future.我也希望将来会有更多这类活动。2表示感谢式Id appreciate it if you could do me a favour.(2016全国卷书面表达)如果你能帮助我，我将感激不尽。I
13、ll appreciate you taking my suggestion into account.我非常感激你能考虑我的建议。3表达观点式We should take pains to improve ourselves through learning and get prepared for the future.我们应该通过学习努力提高自己，为将来做好准备。As far as Im concerned, I think it is a good idea for us senior 3 students to have daily exercise.在我看来，对高三学生来说进行日常
14、锻炼是一个好的主意。4请求询问式Please let me know which day is OK with you.请让我知道哪一天适合你。Please let me know if you are interested and if you have any other questions.请让我知道你是否感兴趣，是否还有其他的问题。5征求意见式If it is convenient for you, lets meet at 8：30 outside the school gate. If not, let me know what time suits you best.(2016全
15、国卷书面表达)如果你方便，我们在校门口外8：30见面。如果不方便，告诉我什么时间最适合你。6总结全文式In a word, my life will be much richer and more colorful.(2014全国卷书面表达)总之，我的生活将会更加丰富多彩。7补充细节式By the way, if you need any other kind of books, please do tell me.(2015天津高考书面表达)顺便说一下，如果你需要其他种类的书，请务必告诉我。此外，Im looking forward to your reply soon./Looking forward to hearing from you.是通用的结尾，几乎适用于所有书信类书面表达的结尾。
