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1、八、数词和主谓一致,语法精讲,一、数词 考点一 基数词 1.注意几个不规则的基数词的写法。如:eleven,twelve,thirteen, fifteen,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty 等。 2.英语中的数量以三位为一个单位,一般对应阿拉伯数字的写法每三位 加一个逗号,分别是thousand,million和 billion。如:ten thousand=10,000;one hundred million=100,000,000。,3.数词 hundred,thousand,million,billion,dozen,score 表示确切数目 时不加-s,但若表示不确
2、切数目时,要用复数形式,与of构成短语。如:一 万:ten thousand;成千上万的: tens of thousands of;两打鸡蛋:two dozen eggs;许多鸡蛋:dozens of eggs。 We got two hundred story-books. 我们买了两百本故事书。 There are hundreds of people in the hall. 大厅里有好几百人。 4.年代及年龄表达法 表示“某人几十岁”时,用“in ones+逢十的基数词复数”,而“十几 岁”不可表示为tens,而要说成teens;表示“世纪年代”时,用 “in the+逢十的年数后加
3、s或s”。如: in his twenties 在他20多岁时 in the 1990s/1990s 在20世纪90年代,考点二 序数词 1.序数词前面一般加the,多数序数词由基数词加-th构成。如:the fifteenth;以y结尾的基数词变化时,先把y改成i,再加-eth。如: twentieth。注意几个不规则的序数词的写法。如:first,second, third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth等。 2.序数词常可缩写,其形式为阿拉伯数字加序数词的最后两个字母。如: 1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,22nd,23rd,24th。 3.小数 小数点用
4、point表示,小数点后的数用个位基数词表示。如:0.567zero point five six seven。 4.分数 分子用基数词,分母用序数词,如果分子大于1,分母需加-s。 如:1/5one fifth/one-fifth;3/4three fourths/three- fourths。,5.百分数 百分号用percent (per cent)或 % 表示。如: 19.56 %nineteen point five six percent。 二、主谓一致 考点一 谓语动词用单数的情况 1.单数名词或代词、不可数名词、动词不定式或动词-ing形式或单个从 句等作主语时。 Swimmin
5、g is helpful in shaping your body. 游泳有助于塑形。 To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教这三个孩子是我今天下午的工作。 Whatever was left was taken away. 任何剩下的东西都被拿走了。,特别提示 what引导的名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;若表语是复数形式,则谓语动词用复数形式。 What they need are books.他们需要的是书。,2.由and连接的并列成分指同一概念作主语时。 The worker and writer is
6、 from Wuhan. 那个工人兼作家来自武汉。 3.由and连接的并列单数主语前有every,each,no,many a时。 Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. 每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。 4.“More than one+单数名词”作主语,尽管从意义上是复数,但谓语 动词用单数形式。 More than one student was chosen to compete in the contest. 不止一个学生被
7、选中去参加竞赛。,5.each,everyone,everybody,everything,someone,somebody,something, anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing等不定代词作主 语时。 Everyone has his own interest. 每个人都有自己的兴趣。 Nothing is impossible for a willing heart. 世上无难事,只怕有心人。 6.“one/each/every one/any one/either/each one/the number+of+复 数名词”作主语时
8、。 Each of the students has a book. 每个学生都有一本书。 7.“the+形容词”表示一类抽象的事物时。 The new is sure to replace the old. 新事物总会取代旧事物。,考点二 谓语动词用复数的情况 1.由and,both.and连接的并列成分表示两个不同的概念作主语时。 What he says and what he does do not agree. 他言行不一。 Both bread and butter are sold out. 面包和黄油都卖完了。 2.people,police,cattle等有生命的集体名词作主
9、语时。 People read for pleasure during their spare time. 人们闲暇之余的阅读是为了消遣。 3.“the+形容词或分词”表示一类人时。 The old are living a happy life now. 老年人现在过着幸福的生活。,特别提示 若这类名词前有pair of等修饰时,其谓语动词的单复数取决于pair等的单复数形式。,4.“(large) quantities/amounts of+名词”作主语时。 In the past,quantities of waste water were sent into this river.在过
10、去,大量的废水被排放到这条河中。 5.clothes,trousers,shorts,jeans,glasses,scissors,compasses等只 有复数形式的名词作主语时。 My trousers have been washed already. 我的裤子已经洗了。,考点三 其他情况 1.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party, crowd,crew,audience,public,government,majority,group等作主语,强 调整体时用单数,强调个体成员时用复数。 The population
11、 in China is very large and about 50% of the population live in rural areas. 中国人口很多,其中约50%的人住在农村。 The whole family are discussing how to spend this weekend. 全家人在讨论如何度过这个周末。 2.单复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语形式要根据其具体含义而定,这类词 有:means,deer,fish,sheep等。 Every means has been tried to solve the problem,but none is effecti
12、ve.为解决这个问题,每种方法都试过了,但没有一个有效。 There are various means of communicating with a stranger.同陌 生人交流有很多方法。,3.当主语后面有as well as,along with,with,together with,no less than,except,but,rather than 等词(组)时,谓语动词与这些词(组) 前的主语保持一致。 The singer together with his agent has arrived. 那个歌星和他的代理人到了。 4.“kind,sort,type+of+名词”
13、作主语,以kind,sort,type本身的单复 数而定。 The kind of paper is made from straw. 这种纸是由稻草制成的。 Some kinds of animals are dying out. 一些种类的动物要灭绝了。,5.all,some,any,most等不定代词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数根据其指代 的内容而定。 All is going on very well. 一切进展顺利。(指事用单数) All are present besides the professor. 包括教授在内大家都在。(指人用复数) 6.half,part,the rest
14、作主语时,谓语动词根据其所指意义决定单复数。 The rest of the story was dull and all the students were bored. 故事的其余部分很枯燥,学生们都厌烦了。,特别提示 “The (only) one of+复数名词+定语从句”中定语从句的谓语动词用单数。 He is the (only) one of the students who has passed the exam.他是学生们中唯一一个通过考试的。 “one of+复数名词+定语从句”中定语从句的谓语动词用复数。 He is one of the students who hav
15、e passed the exam. 他是通过了考试的学生之一。,7.or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also., not.but.等连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词常与最近的主语在单 复数上保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 你或者你的一名学生要出席定于明天的会议。 Are neither you nor I fit for the job? 你和我都不适合这份工作吗?,真题链接,1.Leaving the l
16、ess important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable.(2016全国) 2.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table.(2016全国),答案及剖析: 1.is 考查主谓一致和时态。句意:把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是 可以接受的。分析句子结构可知,该句中的主语为动名词短语“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”,故谓语动词为第三人 称单数形式,且此处讲一般情况。故填is。 2.were 考查主谓一致和时态。根据句中的“believed” 可知,此处描述 的是过去的情况,应用一般过去时;从句主语为knives,谓语动词应用复 数。故填were。,3.Yangshuo (be) really beautiful.(2015全国) 4.This cycl
