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1、每周一测. 阅读理解AAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly complicated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.Russell ar
2、gues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, it s necessary to translate our morals into AI language.For example, if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldn t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children. “You would want that robot preloaded with a go
3、od set of values,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your p
4、ersonal space, you wouldn t think that s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of d
5、ata on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and they ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo(禁忌).One simple check would be to program a robot t
6、o check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps(嘟嘟声), and ask for directions from a human. If we humans aren t quite sure about a decision
7、, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical (种族的)rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.1. What does the author say about the threat of robots?A.
8、It may constitute a challenge to computer programmers.B. It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C. It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D. It has become an inevitable(不可避免的) danger as technology gets more complicated.2. How do robots learn human values
9、?A. By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B. By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D. By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.3. What will a well-programmed robot do when facing a
10、n unusual situation?A. Keep a distance from possible dangers.B. Stop to seek advice from a human being.C. Set off its built-in alarm system at once.D. Do sufficient testing before taking action.4. What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A. Determine what is mo
11、ral and ethical.B. Design some large-scale experiments.C. Set rules for man-machine interaction.D. Develop a more sophisticated program.BWhy do some people live to be older than others? You know the standard explanations: keeping a moderate diet, engaging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect do
12、es your personality have on your longevity(长寿)?Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100.The study
13、shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more active and less neurotic (神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic(同情的) and cooperative than women with a normal life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evoluti
14、onary theory: those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times.Interestingly, however, other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-
15、disciplined, for instance, were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of
16、a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should strive to be as outgoing as possible.Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother s personality may also help determine your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were mor
