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1、单元综合测评（四）(时间：100分钟；满分：120分).阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)APlants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change, which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems.Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the
2、world, changing some living patterns, scientists say.Increased carbon dioxide (CO2)in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen, while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth.“Predicting species reaction to clim
3、ate change is a major challenge in ecology，”said the researchers of several US. universities. They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.The study, published on the Nature website, uses the fin
4、dings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1，634 species. It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times.“Across all species, the experiments underpredicted the speed of the advancefor both leafing
5、and floweringthat results from temperature increases，” the study said.The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change, it said.Plants are necessary for life on the Earth. They are the base of the food chain, using photosynthesis (光合作
6、用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water. They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet.Scientists believe the worlds average temperature has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.So far, efforts to cut emissions(排放)of planetwar
7、ming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2 this centurya point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common, leading to drought, floods, crop failures and rising sea levels.【语篇解读】本文为科普类文章。文章论述了全球变暖的气候环境会让
8、植物提前开花，进而影响整个食物链及生态系统。1What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?APlants reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems.BThe increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists expectation.CClimate change leads to the change of food production patterns.DFood c
9、hains have been seriously damaged because of weather.【解析】细节理解题。第一段话给读者传达的主要信息存在于主句，而不是which所引导的定语从句上。根据“Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)”可知，作者是要告知读者植物开花的增速超出了科学家的预期。故选B。A为次要信息。【答案】B2We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that Aplants flowering is 8.5 tim
10、es faster than leafingBthere are 1，634 plant species on the four continentsCscientists should improve the design of the experimentsDthe experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change【解析】细节理解题。第五段话“It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering by 8.5 ti
11、mes and leafing by 4 times.”暗示读者：对于植物所设计的实验应该有所改进，故答案选C。【答案】C3Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because Athey can prove the climate change clearlyBthey are very important in the food chainsCthey play a leading role in reducing global warmingDthey are growing and flowering much
12、faster than before【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services.”可知植物对气候变化的反应对整个食物链和生态系统都至关重要。故答案选B。【答案】B4What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the worlds tempera
13、ture?AIt has risen nearly 0.2 since 1979.BIts change will lead to weather extremes.CIt is 0.8 higher in 1979 than that of 1900.DIt needs to be controlled within 2 in this century.【解析】推理判断题。从倒数第二段“.has risen by about 0.8 since 1900, and nearly 0.2 every ten years since 1979.”可知A、C项错误；从最后一段叙述可知，如果本世纪地
14、球变暖超过2，便会出现weather extremes。暗示我们这个世纪地球温度的上升需要控制在2的范围之内。故答案选D。【答案】DB(2015陕西高考)The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business, but, unfortunately, fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage. The change in how coffee is grown from shadegrown product
15、ion to fullsun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds, and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.On a local level, the damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects the areas birds and animals. The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and
16、other species (物种) that depend on the trees flowers and fruits. Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home. As a result，many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level, the destruction of the rainforest for fullsun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human life. Medical research often makes use of the forests pla
