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1、Module 5课时跟踪练(一) Introduction & Reading Pre reading.阅读理解AKong Zi, also called Confucius (551479 BC.), and Socrates (469399 BC.) lived only a hundred years apart. During their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these gr
2、eat philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.Neither philosopher lived in times of peace, though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek citystates were small and urban. The urb
3、an environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical (激进的) than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rulers how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the
4、other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went on to government service.Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as a principle for the conduct of life. “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though s
5、ome had more potential (潜能) than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed th
6、at the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes.For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concern. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.Both men are re
7、spected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.语篇解读：本文主要是阐述孔子与苏格拉底两位伟大哲学家的哲学思想对社会的影响以及思想观点的相似与不同。1Which of the following is TRUE according to the first paragraph?ASocrates and Confucius had much in common.BConfucius had much influence on Socrates ideas.CThe societies were influenced by th
8、e philosophers ideas.DThere were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句后半句“. and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.”可知C项正确。2Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that_.Aall men were equal when they were bornBthe lower classes should be ruled by the upper c
9、lassCthe purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdomDpeople should not do to others what they did not want others to do to them解析：选B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes.”可以判断。3What made some people different from others accordin
10、g to Confucius?AFamily.BPotential.CKnowledge. DCommunity.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“. and that it was knowledge that set men apart.”可以判断。4This passage is organized in the pattern of _.Atime and eventsBcomparison and contrastCcause and effectDdefinition and classification解析：选B篇章结构题。文章的谋篇布局主要是以比较和对照来阐述两位伟大哲学
11、家孔子与苏格拉底的哲学思想对社会的影响以及思想观点的相似与不同的。故B项正确。BScience, as we think, was born when the Greek philosopher Thales (about 640546 BC.) asked a difficult question: What makes up our universe?No one had a ready answer, so Thales went on studying the earth around him, the sky and the stars. He saw so much water o
12、n earth and so much water falling from the sky as rain that he decided water must be the basic substance (物质) of the universe.Other Greek thinkers became interested in this question. They suggested other answers. One said that because air lies around the earth, it must be air that makes up all thing
13、s. Another said that fire, appearing in different forms, was the building block of the universe.The Greek philosophers were feeling their way towards the ideas on which chemistry is based. Centuries later, scientists proved that the universe is made up of certain basic substances. But the list is mu
14、ch more complicated than the Greeks realized. We now know of 103 basic substances which we call “elements (元素)”语篇解读：本文讲述了希腊的哲学家在很早的时候就对宇宙的组成物质有所研究。他们通过研究发现因为水、火和空气始终伴随着宇宙，认为它们是宇宙的基本组成物质。在后来人的研究中确实发现希腊的哲学家所说的宇宙是由基本物质组成的观点是对的，只不过不是三种而是103种基本物质组成的。5Thales, the famous Greek philosopher, died when he was
15、 about_.A94 years old B106 years oldC40 years old D46 years old解析：选A数字计算题。根据“Thales (about 640546 BC.)”两数相减得知选A。6The meaning of the underlined word “complicated” in the last paragraph is “_”Anot difficult Bnot simpleCnot famous Dnot different解析：选B词义猜测题。根据“We now know of 103 basic substances which we call elements (元素)”我们现在知道宇宙是由103种基本物质组成，所以清单上列出的肯定比希腊哲学家发现的复杂得多，故选B。7From the passage we know that _.AThales asked many questionsBGreeks were all philosophersCscience began long agoDwater and air make up all things解析：选C细节理解题。根据希腊哲学家关于宇宙的研究可知，科学出现的很早，故选C8After reading the passa
