《课时讲练通2018-2019学年高中英语module5greatpeopleandgreatinventionsofancientchinaperiod3grammar语法专题课+精讲优练课型课件外研版必修》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《课时讲练通2018-2019学年高中英语module5greatpeopleandgreatinventionsofancientchinaperiod3grammar语法专题课+精讲优练课型课件外研版必修（46页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China Grammar,限制性定语从句 【新知导引】 用适当的关系词填空。 1. Ancient China was a place _ states were often at war with each other. 2. Mencius believed that the reason _ man is different from animals is that man is good.,where,why,3. Mencius was a thinker _ teachin
2、gs were very similar to those of Confucius. 4. Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those _ are weaker than ourselves. 5. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family _ was very poor.,whose,who,which,【知识详解】 限制性定语从句为先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语从句，若去掉，被修饰的主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号分开。
3、 限制性定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。,一、关系代词的用法 1. that和which的用法。 (1)that既可指人又可指物，which指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可省略。 *Please find a room which/that is big enough for all of us to live in. 请找一间足够住下我们所有人的房间。(此处先行词是room，引导词which/that在从句中作主语，不能省略),*This is the house (which/that) we bought last month. 这是我们上个
4、月买的那幢房子。(此处先行词是house，引导词which/that在从句中作宾语，可以省略),(2)在限制性定语从句中，关系代词指物时只能用that，而不能用which的情况： 当先行词是all, a lot, (a) little, (a) few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时。 *Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? 能不能给我点儿里面没有糖的东西？(此处先行词是anything，因此引导词必须用that) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时
5、。 *This is the first two-storey bus that runs in our city. 这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。,当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰，以及先行词被序数词和形容词最高级同时修饰时。 *Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited. 桂林是我见过的最美丽的城市。 当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时。 *He is the very man that helped the girl out of the
6、 water. 他就是那个把女孩从水中救出来的人。,当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that。 *Can you tell me the people and events that you saw in Britain? 你能告诉我你在英国见到的人和事件吗？(此句中先行词是people and events，既包含人又包含物，因此引导词必须用that，又因为that在从句中作“看见”的宾语，因此可以省略) 句子中出现过which或who之类的词，为了避免重复，要用that。 *Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading? 哪
7、本有图画的书值得读呢？,2. who和whom的用法。 who和whom指人，who在从句中可作主语和宾语，whom在从句中作宾语。 *Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those who dont. 每天喝两杯以上咖啡的妇女患有心脏病的机会比不喝咖啡的妇女高。 *He is the man (whom) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。,3. whose既可指人又可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语，相当
8、于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它可转化为“the+名词+ of which/whom”和“of which/whom +the +名词”的形式。 *This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country. 这就是那位全国知名的科学家。,4. as的用法。 (1)as作关系代词时，表示“正如，像”。 (2)先行词前有such, the same, as， so时, 关系代词用as。 *Such
9、 points as youve mentioned are really important in solving the problem. 你提到的这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。 *This computer has the same functions as that one has. 这台计算机有着和那台计算机一样的功能。,【思维延伸】定语从句的主谓一致 (1)定语从句的动词在人称和数上应该与它的先行词保持一致。 (2)“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，从句谓语动词用复数形式。当one前有the (only), the (very)等修饰，从句的谓语动词要用单数
10、形式。 *He is one of the students who know Russian in our school. (who指代the students) 他是我们学校懂得俄语的学生之一。,*Im not the one who is afraid of difficulty. 我不是一个害怕困难的人。 *He is the only one of the students who knows Russian in our school. (who指代the only one) 他是我们学校唯一懂得俄语的学生。,【即学活用】用适当的关系代词填空。 Dont talk about th
11、ings of _ you are not sure. That tree _ branches are almost bare, is very old. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. The girl _ is singing an English song in the next room is Toms sister.,which,whose,
12、as,that,who,二、关系副词when, where, why的用法 1. when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。 *I can never forget the day when I first saw you. 我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。(此句中先行词是day，在后面的定语从句中充当时间状语，相当于on the day，故用引导词when),2. where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city,
13、 town, country及一些意义抽象的名词，如point, stage, case, position, condition, situation。 *This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. 这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。(此句中先行词是room，在后面的定语从句中充当地点状语，相当于in the room，故用引导词where),3. why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。 *The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies. 我不信任他的
14、原因是他常常撒谎。 4. 关系副词可以根据具体情况换成“介词+关系代词”。 *There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 *Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 *Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？,【名师点津】 (1)定语从句中关系代词/副词的选择不是仅仅取决于先行词，关键取决于定语从句中缺少什么句子成分。 I
15、have found the factory that/which he visited last week. I have found the factory where he stayed last week. The days that/which I spent there are unforgettable. The days when I stayed there are unforgettable. The reason that/which he told me for his being late is that he got up late. The reason why
16、he was late is that he got up late.,(2)why是一个比较特殊的关系副词，它引导定语从句时，除可换成for which外，有时也可换成that，甚至省略。 *The reason why/for which/that/(/) he was late was that he got up late. 他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。,(3)way作先行词时，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，使用关系代词that, which；缺方式状语时，使用that, in which, 口语中关系词也可省略。 *I dont like the way in which/that/(/) you talk to me. 我不喜欢你跟我说话的方式。 *This is the way that/which/(/) he used to deal with the pollution last year. 这就是他去年用来处理污染问题的方法。,【思维延伸】 from
