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1、Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China Grammar,Learn the attributive clauses. Practice using the grammatical points.,Learning aims,1. Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. 2. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers. 3. C
2、onfucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest. 4. Mozi was another teacher who was very influential. 5. He came from a family which was very poor.,Read the sentences below and study the underlined clauses.,Leading - in,Grammar 1 Defining Attributive Clauses,定语从句的种类:限制性定语从句和非限制性定语
3、从句。 限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰和限定作用,是不可缺少的成分,没有了附加信息,我们就不知道谈论的是谁或是什么事, 直接放在所限制名词的后面，在主句中作后置定语。 非限制性定语从句:非限制性定语从句中的附加信息可以省去,没有了附加信息,我们仍能清楚知道谈论的是谁或是什么事, 和主句用逗号隔开。,定语从句的特点:用来修饰或限定一个名词,并放在名词之后。 引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的作用: 1. 引导定语从句,起引导词的作用。 2. 代替被修饰词。 3. 在从句中充当句子成分。 关系代词 that, which, who 在从句中作主语/宾语; whom作宾语; whose作定语。 关系
4、副词 where, when, why 在句中分别作地点状语, 时间状语, 原因状语。,.关系代词:,1. who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,The man who I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省),The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.,The man to whom I nodded is Mr. Li.,3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可
5、省略, 如介词提前则不能省),These are the trees which were planted last year.,This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan.,Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?,Is this the library from which you borrow books?,He is the man (that) I told you about.,注意:介词提前时只能用which 而不能用that 。,4. that 指人/物，作主语
6、或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,A plane is a machine that can fly.,Is this the library from that you borrow books?,from which,=Please pass me the book the cover of which is torn. =Please pass me the book of which the cover is torn.,5.whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。 若指物时，它可以同of which互换，互换时为：The+n. + of which。例如： Please pass me the
7、 book whose cover is torn.,1.The scientist which we met yesterday is very famous in the world. _,2.The dress what she is wearing is new. _,单句改错,【即学即练】,Which whom/ who/ that/不填,what 不填 / which/ that,【名师点津】 定语从句用关系代词引导时必须用that的情况： 1. 当先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词时。 I am sure
8、she has something (that) you can borrow. 2. 当先行词被all, any, little等修饰时。 Ive read all the books that are not mine.,3. 当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the first book (that) he has read. 4. 当先行词被the only，the very修饰时。 This is the very book that belongs to him. 5. 当先行词为人和物的名词词组时。 They are talking of persons and
9、things (that) they remember in the school.,不能用that的情况: 引导非限制性定语从句时。 当关系词前有介词时。 The room in which my family live changed a lot.,【知识拓展】 1.one of +复数名词中,关系代词引导的从句中的谓语动词用复数,但如果one前有the only, the exact等修饰时,谓语动词用单数。 This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked. This is the only one o
10、f questions that has been asked.,2. as引导的限制性定语从句 当先行词前有the same, as, such等修饰时用as。 I bought the same pen as he lost last night. (前后不是同一物体） He is such an honest boy as we all appreciate. (前后是同一人）,表时间的名词,表地点的名词,reason,时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,stage, scene, point, situation, business,II.关系副词,1.when 当先行词是表示时间的名词（y
11、ear, month, day, night)，关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作时间状语时，一般用 when 引导定语从句，也可以用介词 + which的结构。但应注意的是 which 前介词的选择应根据先行词而定。 e.g.: The day when he was born was Aug.20,1998. The day on which he was born was Aug.20,1998.,2. where 当先行词是表示地点的名词(country, room, school)等，关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语时,一般用where引导定语从句，也可以用介词 + which
12、。 e.g. : The desk where I put my bag is this. The desk on which I put my bag is this. 3. why指原因，引导定语从句 He cant give the reason why he likes watching TV. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?,1. Never forget the day _ we first met in the park. 2. Ill never forget the time _ I spent
13、 with you. 3. Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you. 4. This is the museum _ I visited last year. 5. This is the reason _ (= for which) I didnt come here. 6. The reason _ she gave was not true.,when,which/that,which/that,which/that,用when, where, why，that, which填空,【即学即练】,why,which/that,(2016
14、北京高考)I live next door to a couple, _ children often make a lot of noise. 我住在一对夫妻隔壁,他们的孩子总是弄出很多的噪音。,【高考链接】用适当的关系词填空。,whose,2. (2014湖南高考)I am looking forward to the day, my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我一直盼望着这一天,我女儿能读到这本书并了解我对她的情感。,when,Grammar 2 Defining attributive clause
15、s: of whom, in which,prep. + which/whom object,Who is the boy with whom you were talking a moment ago? =Who is the boy that /whom you were talking with a moment ago? The book from which I got a lot of useful information was written by a famous scientist. =The book which/that I got a lot of useful in
16、formation from was written by a famous scientist.,1. It is the country in which silk was first invented. It is the country which silk was first invented in. 2. He is a man of whom China can be proud. He is a man whom China can be proud of. 小结： 先行词+ prep. + which/ whom+ 主语+谓语 = 先行词+ which/ whom+ 主语+谓语+ prep.,Do activities 3 and 4 on page 47.,Keys to Activity
