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1、语法难点突破之五 定语从句（一）,修饰名词和代词的成分,Key words:,定语:,a beautiful flower,a tall boy,beautiful,tall,定语从句：,修饰名词和代词的从句,This is the best film that I have seen.,定语从句,the best film,先行词,that,关系词,This is the best film that I have seen.,关系词,引导定语从句,代替先行词,在从句中担当一个成分,关系词的作用,1）,2）,3）,London is the city that / which has hos
2、ted the 2012 Olympic Games.,London,the city,host the 2012 Olympic Games.,Revision1 the usage of the relative pronoun,who,whom,which,that,whose,the usage of the relative adverb,when,where,why,time,place,reason,adverbial,adverbial,adverbial,起限定作用。若省略，原句意义不完整。,起补充说明作用。若省略，原句意义不受影响。,修饰先行词,修饰先行词 / 整个句子,无
3、逗号隔开,有逗号与主句隔开,有that,无that,Revision 2 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,作宾语时可以省略,不可以省略,Her brother who is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college. Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to college.,她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。（隐含意思：或许不止一个哥哥）,她哥哥是当兵的，他总是鼓励她上大学。,The book (that /which) I boug
4、ht yesterday is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix. The book ,which I bought yesterday, is Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix.,有that，作宾语时可以省略,不用that ,作宾语时不可以省略,，,我昨天买的那本书是哈利波特与凤凰令,1.指物时只用that 或which 的情况 2.介词+关系代词 3.Whose 用法及转换形式 4.as 与which的区别 5.指人时that 与who的区别 6.如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词 7.定语从句中的主谓一致问题
5、,常见考点,1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether 2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what 3. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it,考点一:that 与which 的区别,先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing
6、, something, anything等不定代词时，关系代词用,that,4. He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom 5. There is no dictionary _ you can find everything. A. that B. which C. where D. in that,6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B.
7、 / C. which D. it,7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it,先行词为人和物的组合,先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时,先行词被序数词或最高级修饰；先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。,若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用 who, which，而用 that。,1. 先行词
8、为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代词,2.先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时。,3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。,4. 先行词为人和物的组合 5.若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者 which，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用 who, which，而用 that。,只用that的情况:,1. Jim passed the d
9、riving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. A.which B that C this D.it,只用which的情况:1,逗号后面 2,介词后面,2. The day _ he was born was Jan.20 ,2013. A.on which B.that C.which D.this,考点二:介词+关系代词,提醒: 介词关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键 是判断介词的选择. 方法一:根据从句中动词或形容词与先行词习惯搭配 方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系,注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词
10、”引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或 whom; 不可用that 或who 代替,The man is from Beijing University . I talked about him at the meeting. The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.,Join them into one sentence.,=The man about I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.,关系代词紧跟在
11、介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，常用which或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。,whom,但遇到固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置 。,Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ?,Filling blanks:,1.The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster. 2.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.,with whom,in which,考点三： Whose 用法及转换形
12、式,1. whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词， 构成名词短语。 Thats the child whose father is a teacher.,Do you know the woman whose husband is a doctor? This is a book whose cover is green.,2.whose引导定语从句，其先行词不仅可 以指人，还可以指物。,3. whose的先行词指物时, 可用of which代替, 但词序不同， 即whose+名词=the +n + of which =of which + the + n.,He lives in the r
13、oom whose window faces south.,= He lives in the room, faces south.,= He lives in the room, faces south.,the window of which,of which the window,考点四：as与which引导的定语从句,两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。 1. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 e.g. Such books as you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan as yo
14、u. 2. as 引导的从句可以放在句首, as 本身有“正如正象”之意，与之连用的词有 know, see, expect, announce, point out 等。 e.g. As we all know, the earth is round.,1. _ was natural, he married Jenny. A. Which B. That C. This D. As 2. Such signs _ we use in the experiment _ Greek letters. A. as, are B. as, is C. that, are D. that, is,3
15、. She is very good at dance, _ everybody knows. A. that B. which C. who D. as 4. _ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As 5. We do the same work _ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. like,Anyone _breaks the law is punished. Those _ break the law are punished. He _ breaks the law is punished.,在anyone, those, he/she/I / they作先行词时, 用”who” 代替 “that”.,考点五: that 与who的区别,who,who,who,考点六: 如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词?,选用定语从句的关系词时，需注意两点：
